- 34% would report to police if someone close to them were going to join circles supporting terrorism in Syria.
- 32% do not condemn violence against people who mock the Prophet Muhammad (18% sympathise, 14% take no position).
- 66% fully condemn stoning for adultery.
- 31% accept that a British Muslim man may have more than one wife.
- 23% support introducing sharia law in some areas of Britain.
- 39% agree that wives should always obey their husbands.
- 52% do not believe homosexuality should be legal in Britain.
- 47% do not consider it acceptable for a homosexual person to work as a schoolteacher.
Foreign language speakers by language
Subsidy dependency by origin
Refugee countries: Iraq, Somalia, Afghanistan, Syria · Middle East: Middle East & North Africa excl. refugee countries, incl. Central Asia · Eastern Europe: Eastern European countries · Western countries: EU/EEA, North America, Australia & similar · Other countries: All remaining foreign countries
Economic contribution by origin group
Refugee countries: Iraq, Somalia, Afghanistan, Syria · Middle East: Middle East & North Africa excl. refugee countries, incl. Central Asia · Eastern Europe: Eastern European countries · Western countries: EU/EEA, North America, Australia & similar · Other countries: All remaining foreign countries
Unemployment rate by nationality
Share outside labour force by citizenship group
Crime rates by nationality
Net migration by birth country
Statistical correlations
-
Sources and notes
|
SPP
Swedish People's Party
|
31 | +543,274 | +17,525 | +129,258 | AhoLipponen ILipponen IIJäätteenmäki / Vanhanen IVanhanen IVanhanen IIKiviniemiKatainenStubbRinne / MarinMarinOrpo |
|
KOK
National Coalition Party
|
27 | +478,246 | +17,713 | +103,741 | AhoLipponen ILipponen IIVanhanen IIKiviniemiKatainenStubbSipiläOrpo |
|
KESK
Centre Party
|
20 | +327,947 | +16,397 | +67,532 | AhoJäätteenmäki / Vanhanen IVanhanen IVanhanen IIKiviniemiSipiläRinne / MarinMarin |
|
GREENS
Green League
|
20 | +315,420 | +15,771 | +81,653 | Lipponen ILipponen IIVanhanen IIKiviniemiKatainenStubbRinne / MarinMarin |
|
SDP
Social Democratic Party
|
20 | +287,544 | +14,377 | +60,726 | Lipponen ILipponen IIJäätteenmäki / Vanhanen IVanhanen IKatainenStubbRinne / MarinMarin |
|
KD
Christian Democrats
|
11 | +274,117 | +24,920 | +77,598 | AhoKatainenStubbOrpo |
|
LEFT
Left Alliance
|
15 | +226,975 | +15,132 | +54,458 | Lipponen ILipponen IIKatainenRinne / MarinMarin |
|
FP
Finns Party
|
5 | +194,703 | +38,941 | +58,155 | SipiläOrpo |
|
BLUE
Blue Reform
|
2 | +37,832 | +18,916 | +576 | Sipilä |
| 2025 |
Orpo
Petteri Orpo
|
KOKFPSPPKD | 660,800 | +36,851 | 208,661 | +18,909 |
| 2024 |
Orpo
Petteri Orpo
|
KOKFPSPPKD | 623,949 | +52,681 | 189,752 | +14,706 |
| 2023 |
Orpo
Petteri Orpo
|
KOKFPSPPKD | 571,268 | +63,095 | 175,046 | +14,378 |
| 2022 |
Marin
Sanna Marin
|
SDPKESKGREENSLEFTSPP | 508,173 | +38,540 | 160,668 | +12,420 |
| 2021 |
Marin
Sanna Marin
|
SDPKESKGREENSLEFTSPP | 469,633 | +25,602 | 148,248 | +4,016 |
| 2020 |
Marin
Sanna Marin
|
SDPKESKGREENSLEFTSPP | 444,031 | +20,537 | 144,232 | +18,151 |
| 2019 |
Rinne / Marin
Antti Rinne / Sanna Marin
|
SDPKESKGREENSLEFTSPP | 423,494 | +20,875 | 126,081 | +2,056 |
| 2018 |
Sipilä
Juha Sipilä
|
KESKKOKBLUE | 402,619 | +18,496 | 124,025 | −839 |
| 2017 |
Sipilä
Juha Sipilä
|
KESKKOKBLUE | 384,123 | +19,336 | 124,864 | +1,415 |
| 2016 |
Sipilä
Juha Sipilä
|
KESKKOKFP | 364,787 | +24,862 | 123,449 | +2,774 |
| 2015 |
Sipilä
Juha Sipilä
|
KESKKOKFP | 339,925 | +17,214 | 120,675 | +7,388 |
| 2014 |
Stubb
Alexander Stubb
|
KOKSDPGREENSSPPKD | 322,711 | +21,187 | 113,287 | +6,656 |
| 2013 |
Katainen
Jyrki Katainen
|
KOKSDPLEFTGREENSSPPKD | 301,524 | +21,908 | 106,631 | +5,663 |
| 2012 |
Katainen
Jyrki Katainen
|
KOKSDPLEFTGREENSSPPKD | 279,616 | +22,122 | 100,968 | +8,478 |
| 2011 |
Katainen
Jyrki Katainen
|
KOKSDPLEFTGREENSSPPKD | 257,494 | +20,428 | 92,490 | +8,808 |
| 2010 |
Kiviniemi
Mari Kiviniemi
|
KESKKOKGREENSSPP | 237,066 | +17,211 | 83,682 | +12,795 |
| 2009 |
Vanhanen II
Matti Vanhanen
|
KESKKOKGREENSSPP | 219,855 | +16,414 | 70,887 | +10,717 |
| 2008 |
Vanhanen II
Matti Vanhanen
|
KESKKOKGREENSSPP | 203,441 | +17,632 | 60,170 | −541 |
| 2007 |
Vanhanen II
Matti Vanhanen
|
KESKKOKGREENSSPP | 185,809 | +16,001 | 60,711 | −2,432 |
| 2006 |
Vanhanen I
Matti Vanhanen
|
KESKSDPSPP | 169,808 | +12,449 | 63,143 | −1,387 |
| 2005 |
Vanhanen I
Matti Vanhanen
|
KESKSDPSPP | 157,359 | +11,135 | 64,530 | −3,375 |
| 2004 |
Vanhanen I
Matti Vanhanen
|
KESKSDPSPP | 146,224 | +8,185 | 67,905 | +388 |
| 2003 |
Jäätteenmäki / Vanhanen I
Anneli Jäätteenmäki / Matti Vanhanen
|
KESKSDPSPP | 138,039 | +7,613 | 67,517 | +3,986 |
| 2002 |
Lipponen II
Paavo Lipponen
|
SDPKOKLEFTGREENSSPP | 130,426 | +7,622 | 63,531 | −2,684 |
| 2001 |
Lipponen II
Paavo Lipponen
|
SDPKOKLEFTGREENSSPP | 122,804 | +9,559 | 66,215 | −2,450 |
| 2000 |
Lipponen II
Paavo Lipponen
|
SDPKOKLEFTGREENSSPP | 113,245 | +5,850 | 68,665 | – |
| 1999 |
Lipponen II
Paavo Lipponen
|
SDPKOKLEFTGREENSSPP | 107,395 | +7,077 | No debt data | – |
| 1998 |
Lipponen I
Paavo Lipponen
|
SDPKOKLEFTGREENSSPP | 100,318 | +7,697 | No debt data | – |
| 1997 |
Lipponen I
Paavo Lipponen
|
SDPKOKLEFTGREENSSPP | 92,621 | +7,501 | No debt data | – |
| 1996 |
Lipponen I
Paavo Lipponen
|
SDPKOKLEFTGREENSSPP | 85,120 | +5,270 | No debt data | – |
| 1995 |
Lipponen I
Paavo Lipponen
|
SDPKOKLEFTGREENSSPP | 79,850 | +6,387 | No debt data | – |
| 1994 |
Aho
Esko Aho
|
KESKKOKKDSPP | 73,463 | +6,338 | No debt data | – |
| 1993 |
Aho
Esko Aho
|
KESKKOKKDSPP | 67,125 | +9,432 | No debt data | – |
| 1992 |
Aho
Esko Aho
|
KESKKOKKDSPP | 57,693 | +8,528 | No debt data | – |
| 1991 |
Aho
Esko Aho
|
KESKKOKKDSPP | 49,165 | +11,547 | No debt data | – |
Sources and notes
Parties, government years, migration and debt
1991–2025
Government participation is mapped at annual resolution. The migration side uses whole-country counts from Statistics Finland, and the debt side uses annual central government EDP debt. Early debt rows may be unavailable in the source table.
Selected measure: Persons with foreign background
Population 31 Dec by Year, Area and Information
https://pxdata.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_159t.px/
Updated: 2026-04-01
General government EDP deficit and debt, annually by Year, Sector and Information
https://pxdata.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__jali/statfin_jali_pxt_122g.px/
Updated: 2026-04-21
Curated yearly government coalition mapping for 1991–2025
Updated: 2026-05-01
Knowledge base
This page collects public statistics and research on migration, integration, crime, welfare, and demographics. The material is intended for policy and social analysis, not for drawing conclusions about individuals or population groups.
🇫🇷 France
mafrance.app is a French site documenting immigration-related incidents on an interactive map, conceptually similar to this site. It illustrates how much further the same development has progressed in France: thousands of incidents have been collected across the country, and their density shows the scale of the phenomenon. Finland is clearly behind France in this development, but the statistics and cases point in the same direction.
🇸🇪 Sweden
migrationskartan.se is a Swedish site mapping immigration-related incidents and statistics in Sweden. Sweden has taken in substantially more immigrants than Finland relative to population size, and the consequences — crime, segregation, and strain on the welfare system — are only at an earlier stage in Finland. The Swedish example acts as an early warning of where the same policies lead.
la.stnight.in is a site documenting immigration-related incidents in Sweden — conceptually similar to this site. Sweden has taken in substantially more immigrants than Finland relative to its population size, and the range of incidents gives a concrete picture of how the same development is progressing in our closest neighbour.
svuo.se is an interactive map of Sweden's socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. It visualises neighbourhoods and districts where immigration and segregation have substantially reshaped the population. The map illustrates where development in Sweden is heading and provides a comparison point for what Finland can expect.
demografie-europa.eu is a German-language demographic research portal providing interactive maps of population change, migration, and age structure across Europe at regional level. The maps visualise how immigration is reshaping the demographic composition of European countries and regions, giving a continent-wide perspective on the same trends visible in Finland.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom
The ONS interactive choropleth map from the 2021 census shows the share of people with Asian background by area. It clearly illustrates how certain urban areas — Leicester, Birmingham, and parts of London — have changed substantially. White British residents are already a minority in Leicester. The same development is only beginning in Finland.
The official ONS report on religious composition in England and Wales based on the 2021 census. Christianity fell below 50% for the first time (46.2%), while Muslims made up 6.5% of the population, up from 3.9% in 2011. The Muslim population grew by about 1.2 million in a decade.
The official ONS report on ethnic composition based on the 2021 census. White British residents fell from 87.2% in 2011 to 74.4% in 2021. Asian-background residents grew from 7.5% to 9.3% and black residents from 3.5% to 4.2%. London has long been majority non-white.
Migration Central (Centre for Migration Control) is a UK-based Substack publication tracking the impact of migration through statistics and individual cases — covering benefit claims, NHS registrations, arrests, and small-boat crossings. A significant share of the UK case material in this knowledge base is sourced from this site.
🇪🇸 Spain
datosinmigracion.es is a Spanish demographic platform visualising the foreign-born population across Spain as an interactive map. Data covers 1998–2025 and can be filtered by country of origin, province, gender, and age group. Spain is one of Europe's fastest-growing immigration countries — a dramatic rise in sexual violence (+332% over a decade) has been documented in official Eurostat statistics.
🇳🇱 Netherlands
Nederland in Beeld compiles official statistics on the societal impact of immigration in the Netherlands. The site presents daily-updated figures on prison populations, welfare use, crime suspects, housing allocation, and costs — sourced from CBS StatLine, IND, COA, and court databases. The Netherlands is one of Europe's best-documented examples of where mass immigration leads.
🇳🇴 Norway
Statistics Norway's (SSB) interactive map of the share of people with an immigrant background by municipality. The Oslo area stands out clearly — the map gives Nordic-scale context for where Finland is heading.
🇩🇰 Denmark
Statistics Denmark's official section on immigrants and their descendants. Covers population trends, countries of origin, and residential distribution. Denmark has tightened its immigration policy more sharply than most Nordic countries — the statistics show why.
Statistics Denmark's interactive map of the share of people with an immigrant background by municipality. Illustrates the geographic concentration and uneven distribution of demographic change across Denmark.
🇦🇹 Austria
Statistik Austria's official interactive atlas maps the distribution of the population by citizenship across Austria. Based on official population register data, it shows how the foreign-national population is concentrated in Vienna and other urban centres. Austria admitted a large number of asylum seekers relative to its size during the 2010s — the statistics provide a comparison point for Finland.
🇩🇪 Germany
messerinzidenz.de is a German site documenting knife attacks and blade crime across Germany on a case-by-case map. It collects incidents from news sources and visualises their geographic distribution. Knife crime in Germany has risen significantly alongside increased immigration.
Official interactive map from Germany's Federal Statistical Office (Destatis) showing the share of people with a migration background by district (Landkreis). Germany admitted over a million asylum seekers in 2015–2016 and has by far the largest immigrant population in the EU — the regional distribution shown here illustrates the long-term demographic consequences of large-scale migration.
demografie-europa.eu is a German-language demographic research portal providing interactive maps of population change, migration, and age structure across Europe at regional level. The maps visualise how immigration is reshaping the demographic composition of European countries and regions, giving a continent-wide perspective on the same trends visible in Finland.
Islam
United Kingdom
- 43% support introducing parts of sharia law, for example in civil and financial disputes, in Britain.
- 53% want to integrate fully with non-Muslims in every area of life.
- 71% feel that their local mosque represents their views.
- 53% want to send their children to schools with strong Muslim values.
- 44% support schools being able to require a hijab or niqab as part of the dress code.
- 52% would report to police if someone close to them were going to join circles supporting terrorism in Syria.
- 26% deny the existence of extremism in Muslim communities altogether.
- 26% consider the Israel-Palestine conflict the most important election issue, compared with 3% of the general population.
- 47% think Jews have too much power over British government policy, compared with 13% of the general population. The figure is 53% among men and higher among men aged 18-34.
- Only 25% believe Hamas committed murder and rape on 7 October 2023; among 18-34-year-olds, 53% believe Hamas did not.
- 46% sympathize more with Hamas than with Israel, compared with 27% of the general population and 53% among 18-34-year-olds.
- 25% believe Israel has a right to exist as a Jewish homeland, while 57% disagree.
- 63% want prayer rooms in public non-religious spaces, compared with 10% of the general population.
- 65% want Eid al-Fitr to be an official public holiday, compared with 21% of the general population.
- 57% want mandatory halal food in schools and hospitals.
- 52% want to ban showing images of the Prophet Muhammad, compared with 16% of the general population.
- Only 23% consider sharia law undesirable, compared with 60% of the general population.
- 35% consider legalizing polygamy undesirable, compared with 70% of the general population.
- 28% consider banning homosexuality undesirable, compared with 62% of the general population.
- Younger Muslims aged 18-34 and more educated Muslims are more radical on most questions.
France
- The French Interior Ministry's May 2025 report documents the activities of organisations linked to the Muslim Brotherhood (Ikhwan) in France.
- It maps mosques, schools, associations, and political networks connected to the Brotherhood.
- Authorities regard the Muslim Brotherhood as a significant vector of Islamism in Europe, though it is not formally banned.
- The report is the French state's first systematic public mapping of Brotherhood-linked structures in the country.
- 44% would place religious rules ahead of French law in certain situations, up 16 percentage points since 1995.
- 46% support applying sharia in France either fully or partly.
- 38% accept all or some Islamist positions, up from 19% in 1998.
- 33% feel sympathy for at least one Islamist current: Muslim Brotherhood 24%, Salafism 9%, Wahhabism 8%, jihadism 3%.
- Among young people, 32% feel close to the Muslim Brotherhood.
- Among women aged 18-24, 45% wear the hijab, up from 16% in 2003.
Austria
- 18% said Islamic legal rules should replace Austrian law.
- 61% saw Islam primarily as a private matter.
- 25% wanted Islam to have a more visible role in society.
- 5% wanted Islam to dominate the legal system and the state.
- 24.7% hold negative or intolerant attitudes.
- 32.8% show some degree of discriminatory attitude toward other religions.
- 10% consider their own religion superior; among Somalis the figure is dramatically higher at 56.1%, compared with 11.1% among Sudanese and 7.5% among West Africans.
- 52.3% consider Quran teaching more important than ordinary schooling: 63.3% of men and 38.3% of women.
- 52.8% accept that a Muslim woman may choose her own spouse; men are clearly more reserved at 36.6%.
- About 50% of Muslim youth aged 14-25 showed antisemitic attitudes.
- 49.4% of pupils in Vienna's public middle schools (Mittelschule) are Muslim.
- 42% of all public school pupils are Muslim, up from 41.2% the previous year.
- Catholics 16.66% (down from 17.5%), Orthodox 14.18%, no religious affiliation 23.24%.
- Private schools: 7.6% Muslim; all schools combined: 38.3% Muslim.
Finland
The halal meat market is growing in Finland with immigration, affecting the food industry and consumer choices.
Abroad
A BKA study found that 45.1% of Muslims under 40 in Germany harbour latent or open sympathy for Islamism (Sharia over the constitution); 11.5% hold manifestly Islamist attitudes. Antisemitic attitudes among young Muslims rose sharply from 11.3% (2021) to 29.1% (2025).
Bild's coverage of the BKA Islamism study: roughly 45% of Muslims under 40 show latent or open Islamist attitudes, and antisemitism in the group rose dramatically.
Göttingen permitted the muezzin call for the first time during Ramadan on 19 February 2026, sparking a heated political debate. Far-right and conservative parties strongly opposed the decision while church leaders and a Jewish community representative defended it as religious freedom.
During Ramadan, 10–20% of Muslim youth in German schools pressure classmates not to eat or drink, acting as informal 'religious police'. 33% of school staff report religiously motivated conflicts; Muslim theologian Mouhanad Khorchide and Seyran Ateş warn of the political misuse of Ramadan.
Persecution of Christians in Muslim countries
Persecution of Christians is globally linked to Islam: the top countries on the Open Doors annual list are almost without exception Islamic states or regions where Islamist groups operate actively. In many Islamic societies, apostasy and conversion are punishable by law — in some places by death. Persecution manifests as legislation, violence, forced marriage and social discrimination.
Source: Open Doors — list of countries where Christian persecution is most severe.
Top 10 countries
- 1. North Korea - communist and atheist oppression
- 2. Somalia - Islamic
- 3. Yemen - Islamic
- 4. Sudan - Islamic
- 5. Eritrea - Islamic
- 6. Syria - Islamic
- 7. Nigeria - Islamic
- 8. Pakistan - Islamic
- 9. Libya - Islamic
- 10. Iran - Islamic
FGM and honour-based violence
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a criminal offence in Finland. THL estimates approximately 10,000 women and girls living in Finland have undergone FGM. Honour-based violence primarily affects immigrant communities — Statistics Finland's 2021 survey found one in ten Finns had witnessed or experienced it.
Iltalehti article on honor violence: violence committed in the name of family or clan honor, especially in conservative immigrant communities.
THL estimates that about 10,000 women and girls living in Finland have undergone female genital mutilation. An estimated 650–3,080 girls living in Finland are at risk. MAAMU study: 69% of Somali-background women and 32% of Kurdish-background women reported having undergone FGM.
About 10% of Finns aged 16–74 have witnessed or experienced honour-based violence. More than one in ten people under 35 know at least a victim or perpetrator or have experienced it themselves. About 1% have been married against their will.
EU Institute for Gender Equality report on the situation and trends of FGM in Finland — includes risk-group estimates, legislation and prevention measures.
Multiculturalism
Multiculturalism is often presented as automatically increasing trust. The research evidence tells a different story: ethnic diversity is associated in many datasets with lower local trust and weaker cohesion unless institutions and shared norms are unusually strong. This is not a slogan but a measurable risk.
Europe
- As immigration increases, social trust declines; both cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis confirm the result.
- Economic recession and ethnic polarization further strengthen the negative effect.
- Published in Social Forces (Oxford University Press).
- Ethnic and religious diversity in the neighborhood lowers trust in neighbors.
- Negative or distant contact with people from different backgrounds makes the situation worse.
- Published in Social Science Research.
United States
- Data: the Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey (2000) — about 30,000 interviews across 41 US communities; ethnic diversity measured with a Herfindahl index.
- Trust in neighbours collapses with diversity: in ethnically homogeneous communities (e.g. rural South and North Dakota) 70–80 % said they trusted their neighbours 'a lot', whereas in the most diverse cities (Los Angeles, San Francisco) only about 30 % did.
- The more ethnically diverse a residential area is, the less people trust one another, including members of their own reference group.
- In diverse areas, people vote less, do less volunteer work and give less to charity, participate less often in community activity, have fewer close friends, and report lower happiness and quality of life.
- "Hunker down" effect: people withdraw into themselves and social isolation increases.
- The effect appears across all racial groups, not only the majority.
- Putnam is one of the best-known social scientists and the author of Bowling Alone. NYT article: https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/05/world/americas/05iht-diversity.1.6986248.html
- Putnam's paper included an optimistic hypothesis: in the long run, societies can forge new, more encompassing shared identities that overcome diversity's negative effects ('long-run amelioration'). This was a theoretical prediction, however, with no empirical support presented in the paper.
- Subsequent longitudinal research has not validated this optimism. Laurence & Bentley (2016), using an 18-year panel, found that sustained exposure to diversity reinforces withdrawal rather than reducing it. Replications of the Putnam effect across multiple countries have consistently confirmed the negative trust impact without the predicted recovery.
Australia
- In ethnically diverse areas, social cohesion and neighborhood interaction weaken, consistent with Putnam's "hunkering down" effect.
- The effect is stronger among the native population than among immigrants.
- Published in Journal of Urban Affairs.
United Kingdom
- Increasing diversity weakens residents' attitudes toward neighbors and the community, especially among those who stay in place.
- The longitudinal analysis allows a partly causal interpretation.
- Published in European Sociological Review.
International
- Genetic and cultural population diversity, especially migration history, correlates strongly with internal conflict, unrest, and distrust.
- Moving diversity from the 10th to the 90th percentile raises the probability of internal conflict in a five-year window from 18 % to 34 %, and the annual probability of conflict onset from 1 % to 4 %.
- For within-group (factional) conflicts, the same shift raises the annual probability from 6 % to as much as 60 %.
- The full model explains about 36 % of the cross-country variation in conflict frequency; diversity's own partial R² is about 5 %.
- The analysis covers both historical and present-day data.
- Published in Econometrica.
Economic effects
Immigration is often defended through labour supply and public-finance benefits. Labour migration can be economically positive, but register data and fiscal models show that the same is not true for every migration reason or origin. Humanitarian and family migration in particular show up in the data as higher benefit use and a weaker tax base.
Finland
- VATT (Finland's Government Institute for Economic Research) is currently studying the overall fiscal impact of immigration.
- Results are expected no earlier than 2027.
- The study covers direct costs (reception, integration, social security) as well as tax revenue and labour-market effects.
- Earlier VATT estimate: about €–520 per person per year, totalling ~€107M/year — but this does not capture lifecycle effects.
- Vahtera's estimate of the annual total cost of immigration: about €3.2 billion.
- The calculation accounts for social security, healthcare, education and administrative costs in relation to the taxes paid by immigrant groups.
- Somalia: net contribution excluding all services €–7,900 per person; total net effect as low as €–13,850 per person.
- Iraq: similarly strongly negative.
- Immigrants from Western countries (Germany, Sweden) are close to zero or positive.
- Discounted lifecycle calculation: an immigrant from Somalia €–951,000 (without children), with children up to €–1,343,000.
- An immigrant from Iraq: €–690,000 (without children), with children €–844,000.
- In 2020 immigrant-background residents caused a municipal tax-base shortfall of about €644 million.
- Labour-based immigration (from Western Europe) is close to zero or positive.
- A broader analysis of immigration's economic effects, though without the same detailed country-of-origin data as the Suomen Perusta report.
Europe
- Immigration cost the Dutch public sector about EUR 400 billion net in 1995-2019, averaging about EUR 17 billion per year and peaking at EUR 32 billion in 2016.
- Immigrants use more social security, education, and other benefits than the native population and pay less in taxes and social-security contributions.
- The net effect is negative for every immigration category: work, study, asylum, and family. Asylum seekers and family migrants are the most expensive.
- The results were calculated using generational accounting: all income and expenditure from immigration to death or return migration.
The Helsingin Sanomat editorial and article ask whether immigration endangers the long-term sustainability of the pension system. Lower employment among immigrants and a higher probability of receiving benefits weaken the system's funding base.
Helsingin Sanomat editorial: immigrants' lower employment rate and higher benefit use weaken the long-term funding base of the pension system.
Helsingin Sanomat article: the pension-contribution accumulation of immigrant groups is clearly lower than that of the native population, weakening the system's net balance.
Finland
Yle article on the economic effects of immigration in Finland.
Abroad
Refers to research on the economic effects of immigration, with Finland presented as a warning example of mass immigration's problems. Finland is described as a clear European case showing that immigration does not economically compensate for population ageing.
54% of Arabic speakers receive basic social assistance — Kela's last-resort benefit. Among Finnish or Swedish speakers the rate is only 3.7%. Foreign-language speakers make up roughly 9–10% of the population but account for around 30% of all social assistance recipients.
Hamburg spent €600 million on hotel accommodation for asylum seekers, illustrating the enormous municipal-level costs of mass migration.
Berlin's costs for housing migrants have risen to almost €900 million — an example of the massive cost of immigration even in major cities.
Berlin spent over €2.235 billion on refugee accommodation, food, and integration in 2025 — a figure that nearly doubled between 2022 and 2025 — while federal cost-sharing is declining.
In 2025 approximately 65.4% of adult first-time asylum applicants arrived in Germany without any ID documents — a record high according to the Federal Interior Ministry.
Education and integration
The PISA 2022 study reveals a substantial learning gap between immigrant-background and native pupils. The gap does not disappear in the second generation. Where the gap appears to narrow, part of the explanation is weaker native results, not only improvement among immigrant pupils.
First-generation immigrants in Finland fall about 105 points behind the native population on the PIAAC literacy scale — the largest gap of any PIAAC participating country. The gap narrows to about 51 points when the immigrant speaks Finnish or Swedish at home and has lived in Finland for at least 5 years. 83% of TE-services experts say poor literacy has led to a jobseeker being rejected.
Remittances abroad
Remittances are a billion-scale outflow from Finland. Official statistics cover only formal channels; informal systems such as hawala are treated in authority risk assessments as high-risk channels for money laundering and terrorist financing.
Unofficial transfers remain hidden.
Hawala is a cash-based transfer system classified by Swedish authorities as a high-risk money-laundering channel, level 4 of 4. Transfers use broker codes, making tracing nearly impossible.
Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority's risk assessment of the hawala system — classified as a high-risk money-laundering channel (level 4/4).
Welfare use by background
Official Statistics Finland and Kela data show a substantial gap between native Finns and people of foreign background in welfare use. Arabic-speaking groups receive basic social assistance at a rate roughly 15 times that of Finnish or Swedish speakers.
The unemployment rate of the foreign-background population (aged 20–64) was 16.7% in 2024, while for Finnish-background residents it was 6.6%. The ratio is 2.5×. Foreign-background unemployment was at its highest after the pandemic in 2022, when it briefly dropped to 11.5%.
54% of Arabic speakers receive basic social assistance — Kela's last-resort benefit. Among Finnish or Swedish speakers the rate is only 3.7%. Foreign-language speakers make up roughly 9–10% of the population but account for around 30% of all social assistance recipients.
Last year Kela detected more than 1,000 suspected benefit misuses worth about €7 million. 471 investigation requests were filed with police. In Sweden Försäkringskassan prevented incorrect payments worth €877.5 million in 2024; Finland recovers about €110 million in incorrect payments. Minister Grahn-Laasonen: 'what is possible in Sweden is possible in Finland' — organised crime systematically exploits social security.
Criminality
This section collects examples and statistics on crime and public-safety problems connected with immigration in Europe. The examples are not meant to describe every individual in any group, but to document patterns, risks, and policy consequences that are often minimized in public debate.
A common counter-argument is that foreign residents' crime overrepresentation is merely an artefact of a young, male-skewed age structure. Standardisation narrows the gap markedly, but does not remove it. Using Statistics Finland data (suspects 13yy + population 11rg, permanent residents, 2024), directly standardised for age and sex, foreign residents' total crime falls from a crude ~×1.5 to ~×1.2 vs natives — age and sex explain about two-thirds of the gap. For property offences the standardised level for all foreign residents drops even below the native baseline (~×0.9). For violent and sexual offences, however, the gap stays many times higher even after standardisation: ~×1.6 for violence and ~×1.8 for sexual offences across all foreign residents, and far higher for major refugee-origin countries — e.g. Iraq violent ~×6–7 and sexual offences ~×9 vs natives. The same standardisation can be toggled on in the crime chart in the Charts view via the 'Age & sex standardised' option. The figures are suspects, not convictions.
Lähdetaulu, josta ikä- ja sukupuolivakiointi lasketaan: epäillyt kansalaisuus × ikä × sukupuoli, yhdistettynä väestötauluun 11rg. Suora vakiointi koko maan ikä- ja sukupuolirakenteeseen.
In 2018, 297,600 crime suspects were identified, of whom 34,200 were foreign nationals. Age- and gender-standardised suspicion index: foreign nationals were suspected 1.2x more often than Finnish nationals. Iraqi men were suspected of sexual offences 12.8x more often than Finnish men (2017–2018 combined). Somali men were suspected of drug offences 3.4x more often; Swedish women of property crimes 3.1x more often. Iraqis overall 2.0x, Swedes 2.3x. Figures represent suspicions, not convictions.
Of the 321 Lebanese Palestinians admitted to Denmark in 1992 under a special law, 204 (64%) had received a criminal conviction by 2019; 71 received prison sentences. Of their 999 children, 337 (34%) have been convicted of a crime. 176 first-generation members live on benefits, 122 on early retirement. All major Danish parties consider the reception a failure. Former Justice Minister Hans Engell: the group 'should never have been admitted.' Pia Kjærsgaard: 'an enormous mistake.'
Official parliamentary response to the Danish Immigration and Integration Committee: of 321 Lebanese Palestinians, 204 (64%) were convicted of a crime between 1992 and 2019, 71 sentenced to prison. Of their 999 children, 337 (34%) have been convicted. 176 first-generation persons live on benefits, 122 on early retirement.
The article cites parliamentary data: 64% of the first generation convicted, 34% of the second. All major Danish parties consider the Palestinian reception a failure. Former Justice Minister Engell admitted the group 'should not have been admitted'; Pia Kjærsgaard called it an 'enormous mistake'.
Sweden Against Organized Crime report (May 2026, in cooperation with the Swedish Police and Acta Publica): the core of organised crime comprises 50,165 people, the extended network 224,390. 60% have at least one foreign-born parent, 49% have both, 30% were themselves born abroad — even though first- and second-generation immigrants make up only ~27% of Sweden's population. The core group received ~SEK 27 billion (~€2.5 billion) in benefits and grants between 2015 and 2024. Organised crime is linked to ~40% of all registered crime suspicions (1995–2023).
Remix News summarises the report: 60% of the organised-crime core have a migrant background, with 49% having both parents born abroad. The core group has 50,165 people, the extended network 224,390. Organised crime is linked to ~40% of all crime suspicions in 1995–2023.
The original Swedish-language authority report: scale of organised crime, demographics, economic crime and links to public funds in Sweden 2015–2024.
Finland
People with foreign background accounted for 32% of sexual offences nationwide and about 40% in Helsinki. In 2024, 9,608 sexual offences were recorded.
In 2018, 297,600 crime suspects were identified, of whom 34,200 were foreign nationals. Age- and gender-standardised suspicion index: foreign nationals were suspected 1.2x more often than Finnish nationals. Iraqi men were suspected of sexual offences 12.8x more often than Finnish men (2017–2018 combined). Somali men were suspected of drug offences 3.4x more often; Swedish women of property crimes 3.1x more often. Iraqis overall 2.0x, Swedes 2.3x. Figures represent suspicions, not convictions.
Statistics Finland's analysis of crime suspects by nationality, age- and sex-standardised (2017–2018): foreigners were suspected of criminal-code offences at 1.2× the rate of Finns. Iraqi men: 12.8× overrepresentation in sexual offences. Somali men: 3.4× overrepresentation in narcotics offences. Iraqi-background persons: 2.0× in overall criminality.
Peer-reviewed study: immigrant youth have a higher crime rate in 14 of 17 measured offence types. The gap is smallest for shoplifting, vandalism and bullying. No significant difference in substance use.
Abroad
UK net migration peaked at 745,000 in 2022. White British residents in London fell from 60% in 2001 to 37% in 2021. After Brexit, only 47,000 of 1.3 million visas went to EU citizens.
Case tracker for immigration-related crime in Germany.
According to the Ecoplan report, about 60% of asylum seekers from Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia commit crimes in Switzerland — even though the recognition rate is only 0.3–2.5%. Vehicle thefts tripled in some cantons. The Swiss migration agency is introducing coordinated law-enforcement measures.
Cases
Finland
Hadi al-Sharkat, 26, was sentenced by the Helsinki Court of Appeals to 4.5 years for aggravated rape of a child. The offence took place in August 2022 in Western Uusimaa: the mother had invited an acquaintance home, and the man attacked her 13-year-old daughter while the mother was on the balcony. The district court had given 2 years 6 months; the appeals court raised the sentence significantly. Al-Sharkat denied the acts, but both courts found the victim's account more credible. Damages: €7,000 for suffering, €2,000 for temporary harm.
Helsinki District Court convicted two young men of raping a 12-year-old child in the restrooms of the Tripla shopping centre in Pasila in February–March 2024. The victim was lured via social media and later pressured by threats into a second meeting. The 18-year-old adult received 3 years 6 months in prison, the 15-year-old youth 2 years 2 months; total damages €10,500. The defendants claimed they had believed the victim was 16, but the court found the victim was clearly child-looking. The court regarded as particularly serious the adult's coercion of the second attack by threatening to publish a video recording.
Abroad
Students in Amsterdam reported a climate of fear in a residence shared with asylum seekers; reports of sexual violence did not lead the city to end the project.
A 22-year-old asylum seeker was arrested for the murder of 17-year-old Lisa in Amsterdam and was also linked to an earlier rape and sexual assault.
Somali-born Essa Suleiman was charged with attempted murder over the Golders Green attack in London in spring 2026.
A German woman received a harsher sentence than a migrant for a similar offence, raising questions about equal treatment and double standards in criminal sentencing.
Shah Rahman, part of an al-Qaeda-inspired cell that plotted attacks on the London Stock Exchange, the US Embassy, and Boris Johnson, was released on parole against the Justice Secretary's objections. He received a 12-year sentence, was first freed in 2017, and was recalled in 2022 for breaching conditions.
Klevis Disha, 39, entered the UK illegally in 2001 under a false identity. Jailed in 2017 for £250,000 in crime proceeds. A tribunal ruled deportation 'unduly harsh' partly because his son's sensory issues mean he will not eat non-British chicken nuggets.
A judge blocked deportation of a migrant on the grounds that removal would cause him stress.
Shahid Butt won a Birmingham council election despite facing criticism over his statements on Yemen.
A Pakistani man convicted of assaulting a teenage girl won an appeal against deportation, arguing he could not access addiction treatment in Pakistan where alcohol is banned for Muslims. A judge ruled removal would constitute inhuman treatment. The Home Office appealed.
A migrant convicted of a paedophile offence avoided deportation from Britain by citing his UK wife.
A Cameroonian migrant was granted asylum in Britain after claiming to be gay, despite having a secret wife and child in Cameroon.
A 21-year-old Syrian man raped a 13-year-old girl in Tromsø in September 2024 and received just six months. The court cited his low IQ (estimated 41–75) and developmental level comparable to the victim as mitigating factors. Norway had removed the three-year minimum sentence for child rape.
Afsar Safi, 30, arrived by small boat in 2021 and sexually assaulted a seven-year-old girl at a government-funded hotel in West London. His asylum claim revealed Taliban links; it was rejected. He was sentenced to just two and a half years and could be released on licence within six months. He must register as a sex offender for seven years.
Ulkomaan kansalaiset tuomittiin 25 %:ssa naisten seksuaalirikoksista Britanniassa.
London data: about 40% of those charged with sexual assaults are foreign nationals.
Official UK government report on group-based child sexual exploitation — asylum seekers involved.
Sex-offence convictions of foreign nationals arriving via the Channel crossing route grew significantly during 2021–2024.
Rapual Ahmadze raped a vulnerable teenager in a park in Elgin, Scotland.
Zayed Alanzi was jailed after forcefully kissing a woman in crisis at a hotel in Hull.
Three men, including Iranian and Egyptian nationals, were charged with raping a woman on Brighton beach.
Moustafa Elbohy used a translation app to threaten a woman with rape near Charing Cross station in London.
Kamran Khan was convicted of sexual assault against a young girl in Lambeth, London.
Abdelrahmen Adnan Abouelela tuomittiin kahdeksaksi vuodeksi raiskauksesta Hyde Parkissa.
Taha Derwish was arrested for sexual assault outside an asylum hotel in Crewe, Cheshire.
Tadi Alemeyeh from Didsbury, Manchester, was charged with sexual assault.
Haybe Cabdiraxmaan Nur was jailed for life for a stabbing murder in Derby.
Sheraz Malik was charged with rape in Sutton-in-Ashfield.
Deng Chol Majek syytetty puukotusmurhasta Walsallissa.
Hadush Kebatu was jailed for the sexual assault of both a woman and a 14-year-old girl in Epping, Essex.
Qais Al-Aswad received a suspended sentence for sexual assault in Horley, Surrey.
Fawaz Alsamaou received a three-year sentence for sexual assault in Cardiff, Wales.
Hakan Barac was convicted of supporting ISIS as an Islamic extremist in Newport, Monmouthshire.
Safi Dawood was arrested as a suspect in a stabbing murder in Hillingdon, London.
Ibrahim Zouari and Houssine Nouira chased hotel staff with a knife in Bournemouth, Dorset.
Mohammed Abdullah, syyrialainen turvapaikanhakija, raiskasi naisen Bournemouthin rannalla.
Shkar Jamal received a community order over his behaviour at an asylum hotel in Bournemouth.
Sukirthan Thangrasha was charged with assault and indecent exposure after entering the UK illegally, in Southampton.
Rabie Knissi tuomittiin raiskauksenyrityksen perusteella Portsmouthissa.
Shafiullah Rasooli sexually assaulted a woman at a takeaway in Maidstone.
The Sun's campaign identified Amin Abedi Mofrad, a paedophile who raped a child in Oxford.
Abdul Hamed was convicted of a home-invasion rape in Swindon.
Abdulmawal Ibrahim Adam, a Sudanese migrant, was charged with the attempted kidnapping of a girl in Swindon.
Ahmad Mulakhi and Mohammad Kabir were charged with rapes against girls in Nuneaton.
Mohammed Wahid Mohammed raiskasi 12-vuotiaan tarjoamalla karkkeja Birminghamissa – tuomioistuin harkitsee karkottamista.
Shalw Jamel tuomittiin kannabiksen salakuljetuksesta Swanseassa, Walesissa.
Fayaz Khan, maahanmuuttaja, tuomittiin vankilaan uhkauksista Nigel Faraqen tappamisesta Southwarkissa.
Mohammed Sharwarq was jailed for assaulting four people at the hotel in Epping where he himself was housed as an asylum seeker.
Mostafa Sepahvand, Farhad Javadi Manesh and Shapoor Qalehali Khani Noori were charged under the national security act on terrorism suspicions in Westminster.
Karwan Muhammad and Ahmad Arshad were found with a 7 kg drugs consignment in Cardiff, Wales.
Ahmadreza Khalafi syytetty raiskauksesta Bishop's Stortfordissa.
Eid Anwar Fathi Najjar admitted rape and sexual assault in York and is awaiting sentencing.
Sadeq Nikzad was jailed after following a 15-year-old girl and raping her in Falkirk town centre, Scotland.
Al-Najjar Amir Abdulrahim, a Gazan asylum seeker, attempted to meet an underage girl for sex in Stockton-on-Tees.
Moussa Ibrahim was charged with indecent exposure in Middlesbrough.
Edris Abdelrazig was charged with attempted kidnapping of a child in Stockport.
Albanialaiset maahanmuuttajat piilottautuivat suureen kannabistilaan Attleboroughissa, Norfolkissa – tuomittiin vankilaan.
A convicted paedophile was arrested at the Britannia Ashley Hotel in Hale, used to accommodate asylum seekers.
An Iranian asylum seeker reconnoitred a bomb attack on the Israeli embassy from Rochdale — while living in a taxpayer-funded house.
An asylum seeker attempted to set fire to his accommodation in Leeds because he did not receive the help he wanted from the authorities.
A man was charged with indecent exposure and sexual acts at the window of an asylum seeker hotel in Falkirk, Scotland.
A homeowner found an asylum seeker cooking food in her holiday home in St Ives, Cornwall.
A migrant staying at a Canary Wharf hotel was arrested after walking into a blind woman's flat in Tower Hamlets, London.
A 24-year-old Libyan who had arrived by small boat was arrested over a knife attack in Eastbourne in which three people were injured.
Turvapaikanhakija tuomittiin vankilaan harvinaisten kasvien vahingoittamisesta ja varastamisesta Oxfordissa.
An asylum seeker was jailed in Norwich for online sex offences against children.
Turvapaikanhakija tuomittiin vankilaan naisen raiskauksesta Norwichin kaupunkikeskuksessa.
Ahmed Muhammad Almahi was charged with sexual assault against a woman in Rugby, Warwickshire.
An Iraqi asylum seeker risks losing his residence permit and being deported after taking part in the Hanley street riots in Stoke-on-Trent.
A Swedish court refused to deport a migrant convicted of rape — the case sparked widespread outrage, and the prime minister promised tightening of legislation.
Swedish case in which several men were convicted of organised sexual assault in Skellefteå.
Two Afghan asylum seekers were sentenced in Britain for the abduction and rape of a teenage girl.
Swedish case: a man of immigrant background is charged with raping a girl in four separate public toilets — reporting by Expressen.
A Syrian whose asylum application had been rejected was arrested after a knife attack in Germany.
A 2025 trial revealed how Rochdale–Manchester grooming gangs kept teenage girls as sex slaves for years. The girls were systematically passed between men, forced to take drugs and transported around northern England.
Kaksi nuorta afganistanilaista turvapaikanhakijaa tuomittiin raiskauksesta Britanniassa.
Three asylum seekers were found guilty of the callous rape of a woman on a beach in southern England.
A Swedish court refused to deport the perpetrator of a rape of a 16-year-old, citing the 'duration of the offence' — the case attracted international attention.
A woman in Amsterdam who was the victim of an attempted rape was disappointed by the court's verdict — she described being strangled 'for a long time and very hard'. The perpetrator was of immigrant background.
Bild: police search for a wanted criminal in Baden-Württemberg.
A Turkish gang was remanded in custody after a shooting in Giessen city centre, Germany.
Police in Bremen are hunting two Turkish suspects after a series of targeted leg-shooting incidents in March 2026.
ZDF reports on the alleged sexual assault of a 16-year-old at a Berlin-Neukölln youth centre. Authorities are accused of delaying reporting of the incident to avoid damaging the reputation of the Muslim-led centre.
A passenger was stabbed in the back of the neck on Berlin public transport. BZ Berlin reports on the attack, which highlights ongoing violence on the city's transit network.
An Afghan man is accused of sexually abusing an 11-year-old girl in a school toilet in Germany.
The Bielefeld attacker is suspected of having killed two men in Syria before coming to Germany.
A 17-year-old Syrian was arrested on suspicion of planning a terrorist attack in Hamburg, Germany.
Germany spends €1 billion a year on integration courses, yet only about one in three participants completes them.
A Swedish investigation found that over 300 local politicians have ties to gang crime, a phenomenon linked to broader immigration-related gang culture.
Trial after a knife attack in Dresden in which an American tourist was injured. The perpetrator was convicted and offered only a mumbled apology to the victim.
Junge Freiheit investigates whether the young killer from Memmingen was Islamist-motivated, raising questions about the radicalisation of foreign-background criminals.
A 23-year-old Syrian man attempted to rape a 15-year-old girl in the toilet of an ICE high-speed train in Germany.
16-year-old Liana was pushed in front of a train at a German railway station. The Iraqi perpetrator was sentenced to psychiatric detention.
German authorities carried out a counter-terrorism raid in Bremerhaven after the New York Police Department passed on a tip about a potential terror threat.
A 22-year-old Syrian asylum seeker admitted in a Berlin court to planning terrorist attacks targeting Germans and Jews. He radicalised through Islamic State content on TikTok within roughly 15 months of arriving in Germany in 2023, and was constructing a suicide vest when arrested in November 2025. Sentencing was set for 5 June 2026.
A Syrian man living in Germany faces charges of crimes against humanity: he is alleged to have tortured 70 prisoners to death during the Syrian civil war before coming to Germany.
Trial in Ansbach: an asylum seeker is accused of travelling back from Germany to Iraq to commit a murder and then returning to Germany.
A 35-year-old Islamic religious teacher in Baden-Württemberg was convicted by Ellwangen regional court of sexually abusing eight boys aged 12–17 in 27 separate incidents. He was sentenced to 8.5 years in prison and banned from working with male minors for five years.
A 19-year-old Afghan man attacked a 41-year-old woman with a knife at the Frankfurt Main riverbank on 10 June 2024, stabbing her multiple times in the head and neck while she sat on a park bench. He was arrested and charged with attempted murder and dangerous bodily harm.
Berlin's Kammergericht convicted four Hamas members to sentences of 4.5–6 years for maintaining weapons depots in Poland, Bulgaria, and Denmark intended for terrorist attacks. They were arrested in December 2023; the trial began in February 2025.
Bild reports on a case in North Rhine-Westphalia where children wrote a letter to their murdered mother, signing off with the Muslim prayer 'May God have mercy on you'. The case highlights domestic violence in migrant communities.
A 25-year-old Afghan man stabbed a 46-year-old passenger in the neck with a folding knife on a Dortmund city tram on 11 February 2026, after the victim asked him to lower his voice during a phone call. The attacker fled at the next stop; the victim's injuries were not life-threatening.
Germany deported 20 criminal Afghan migrants from Leipzig/Halle airport, including the convicted perpetrator from the high-profile Illerkirchberg rape case. The flight cost €335,000 and was one of the first large-scale deportation operations under the new federal government's stricter migration policy.
A 36-year-old Syrian stabbed a 33-year-old in the neck after asking for a cigarette at a bus stop in Berlin-Neukölln — the victim was in critical condition. A few hours later the same suspect threatened a 32-year-old woman with a knife at another stop, demanding money.
A Bangladeshi migrant was charged with the rape of a 17-year-old Bangladeshi woman — a new mother — in Venice. The victim escaped and reported the matter to her husband, who contacted police. The case prompted comments from right-wing politicians about immigrant communities and the position of women.
A 35-year-old Moroccan man was arrested in Lleida after a resident found a 40-year-old woman unconscious on the street with the man on top of her and her trousers pulled down. The woman was heavily intoxicated; police investigated whether she was able to give consent.
A 52-year-old Iraqi was arrested under a European arrest warrant in Sweden: he forced his daughter into an arranged marriage with Kurdish men, isolated and beat her. The victim required a 15-day recovery period; she escaped with the help of police.
A 22-year-old Malian followed a 70-year-old woman into a stairwell and attacked her with a knife in Pistoia in June 2025. The Florence Court of Appeals overturned the detention order in April 2026 — the documents had not been translated into the defendant's native language. The victim's family feared for their safety, as the man has no fixed address and no electronic monitoring.
A 45-year-old Moroccan man attacked three residents with an axe in Montefrío, Granada province: two elderly women were hospitalised in critical condition with skull injuries. The attacker shouted 'the call of Allah and all Christians must die'. An elderly man and another woman were also injured before the arrest.
A 37-year-old Moroccan was arrested in Mantua province after beating his 30-year-old Moroccan wife with a metal pipe; the nine-year-old son witnessed the attack and called for help. The victim required a 10-day recovery period.
A four-man Egyptian robbery gang was dismantled in Turin: the gang used a knife and pepper spray to rob passers-by of gold jewellery. The perpetrators filmed their robberies and posted the content on TikTok.
Muhammed (24, Syrian) and Khan (23, Afghan) were charged at the Sør-Rogaland District Court with an abduction-rape in July 2025: they systematically followed the victim from the city centre, forced her into a car and drove her behind a school where both raped her. They initially denied the acts but eventually confessed in court.
A 17-year-old Syrian was arrested on 12 March 2026 on suspicion of murdering a 19-year-old woman near the Gartenstadt district of Mannheim. A 60-officer special police unit arrested him the same evening; pre-trial detention was ordered.
A 22-year-old Afghan attacked a bus and police with a kitchen knife in Bergen auf Rügen on 5 June 2024 and vandalised EU election posters. Charges: criminal damage, assault on police officers and other offences.
Interview with a Ukrainian refugee mother whose daughter Liana (16) was pushed in front of a train in summer 2025 by an Iraqi man. The perpetrator was found not criminally responsible and ordered into state-funded psychiatric care; the mother expresses her complete disappointment, as the victim's family bears its own legal costs.
Turkish prosecutors sell fabricated indictment documents via social media, which are entered into the Turkish judicial database to demonstrate political persecution. The administrative court ruled that a self-purchased fake indictment does not entitle a person to asylum.
A student was stabbed to death with an extremely large knife after a night out with his football team in Southampton.
A person under terrorism investigation was arrested on the psychiatric ward of Hamburg's UKE University Hospital; fertiliser suitable for manufacturing explosives was found in the clinic room.
Dortmund's 'Knappi gang' in court: an immigrant-background youth group egged each other on during violence sprees.
After the group rape at the Berlin-Neukölln youth centre, youth councilwoman Nagel is being investigated for obstruction of justice (Strafvereitelung) — the official is suspected of having prevented reporting of the incident to protect the reputation of the Muslim-run youth centre.
Saksalais-algerialainen mies tuomittiin 12 vuodeksi vankilaan kidutusrikoksesta: kidutti naista raakuudella.
An Iraqi man shot at an apartment, but investigators released him. The case raised questions about authorities' decisions in violent crimes by immigrants.
A 22-year-old Moroccan, classified as coming from a 'safe country', attempted to rape a student in Rotterdam; shortly before he had harassed a young couple. The case calls into question the use of the 'safe country' classification.
In Berlin a man was acquitted of murder charges in a case involving the killing of a police officer.
Vankilatuomio miehelle, joka terrorisoi asukkaita ja haavoitti puukolla Almeriassa, Espanjassa.
Sexual crimes
Foreign-background persons are substantially overrepresented in sexual offence statistics across Europe. Eurostat data show a 150% rise in reported sexual violence offences across the EU between 2014 and 2024. In Sweden, 63% of convicted rapists have a migrant background.
Eurostat figures show a significant rise in sexual offences in several European countries. In Spain, rapes rose 332% over the last decade, with immigration as the driver. Across the EU the total increase is +150%.
Eurostat statistical overview: reported sexual offences in the EU grew significantly during 2014–2024.
Eurostat reports that rape reports increased by an EU average of 150%, and by 322% in Spain, over the last decade.
Remix News summarizes Eurostat reporting that sexual offences multiplied in several Western European countries, a trend linked here to immigration.
For more than four decades, organised 'grooming gangs' composed mainly of men of Pakistani and Muslim background have systematically exploited thousands of underage white British girls in Rotherham, Rochdale, Oxford, Telford, Newcastle, Bradford and dozens of other towns. The 2014 Jay Report documented at least 1,400 victims in Rotherham alone from 1997–2013, an estimated 1,000+ in Telford and 700+ in Newcastle. Baroness Casey's 2025 national audit confirmed the shocking overrepresentation of Asian-background men (in practice British-Pakistanis) as perpetrators — while authorities remained silent for decades 'for fear of being accused of racism.' Perpetrators used religious-ethnic motives: white non-Muslim girls were seen as 'kafirs' and sexually fair game. Victims were coerced, gang-raped, threatened with petrol and fire, abducted at gunpoint — some became pregnant at 13–15 years old.
- Ethnic background of the perpetrators: the large majority of those convicted were Pakistani-British, and more broadly South Asian and Muslim men. Quilliam report (2017): 84% of convicted gang members were of South Asian background, despite the group being only ~3–4% of the population. Baroness Casey's 2025 national audit confirmed a shocking overrepresentation.
- Religious motives: white non-Muslim girls were seen as 'kafir' (infidels) and as sexually available, 'permitted' prey. Quilliam and the Muslim-background journalist Yasmin Alibhai-Brown link the acts to extremist Islamist interpretations and to religious-ethnic racism.
- Victim background and how they were selected: predominantly white, vulnerable working-class British girls, often in care, typically aged 11–15. Baroness Casey: 'Perpetrators chose their victims at least partly on ethnic grounds.' The Rochdale trial judge said the girls were treated 'as worthless, because they were not part of your community or religion'.
- Scale relative to the local population: in Rotherham borough (~266,000 residents) at least 1,400 victims were identified for 1997–2013 — roughly one in every 190 residents. Telford (Telford & Wrekin, ~186,000) had an estimated 1,000+ victims since the 1980s, and Newcastle (~300,000) 700+. Because the victims were almost exclusively teenage girls, the share of that age-and-sex group was many times higher — this was not a handful of isolated cases but a phenomenon engulfing entire towns.
- The graphic nature of the acts: gang rapes (14-year-olds with 20+ men at a time), threats of being doused in petrol and set alight, kidnappings at gunpoint, forced abortions, deep cigarette burns, 'branding' of victims, beatings to unconsciousness, pregnancies at 13–15, and victims trafficked between cities to 'clients'.
- Police failure to act: authorities stayed silent for decades 'out of fear of racism' and in the name of 'cultural sensitivity'. Police and social services actively avoided recording perpetrators' ethnicity and repeatedly ignored victims' reports.
1. National investigations and reports
Baroness Louise Casey's 2025 national audit confirmed the significant overrepresentation of Asian-background men and the failure of authorities to identify and address ethnically motivated abuse for decades.
UK Parliament research briefing from March 2026 on the independent grooming-gangs inquiry. Summarises key findings on ethnic overrepresentation, religious motives and the failure of authorities.
IICSA's 2022 investigation report on the operation of organised grooming networks. Includes detailed case studies of victims' experiences (CS-A371, CS-A372, Daisy, CS-A12) and confirms the failure of authorities.
2017 analysis by the Quilliam research institute founded by Maajid Nawaz: 84% of those convicted as grooming-gang members were of South Asian background (only ~3–4% of the population). The report links the phenomenon to extreme Islamist interpretations in which non-Muslim women are seen as 'fair game'.
Analysis by Yasmin Alibhai-Brown (a Muslim journalist): the Rotherham grooming gang's attacks on white girls contained clear religious-racist motives that cannot be ignored.
BBC reports on 31 March 2026 the publication of the terms of reference for the national grooming inquiry. Victim 'Penny' was first manipulated at 12 by several Pakistani-background men: at 13.5 she weighed 38 kg and was 'covered in deep cigarette burns that had burnt through the skin into the flesh'. She was sold around the country. Hundreds of perpetrators are still at large. The inquiry led by Baroness Longfield (budget £65M, due 2029) promises to examine 'ethnicity, religion and culture' and not 'shy away from uncomfortable truths'. Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood: 'the inquiry is laser-focused on grooming gangs and will specifically examine the role of perpetrators' ethnicity, religion and culture'. Oldham confirmed as the first local investigation target.
2. Rotherham
Professor Alexis Jay's landmark 2014 report: at least 1,400 children sexually exploited in Rotherham 1997–2013, the majority of perpetrators British-Pakistani. Authorities failed 'in the name of cultural sensitivity'.
The Telegraph's extensive interactive feature on the Rotherham CSE scandal: victims' stories, the failures of authorities, perpetrator backgrounds, a 1997–2013 timeline and a statistical overview.
BBC documents Sammy Woodhouse's story: she was first abused by Arshid 'Mad Ash' Hussain at the age of 14. Hussain and his gang used racial and religious slurs about victims. Woodhouse became pregnant at 15 and Hussain was later sentenced to 35 years in prison.
Yorkshire Post interview with Sammy Woodhouse: she describes how she gave evidence against the chief defendant Arshid Hussain, who fathered her child while she was 14 years old.
Extensive Guardian interview with Sammy Woodhouse: she recounts Arshid Hussain's systematic abuse starting at age 14 and the failure of authorities to act.
Arshid Hussain (35 years), Basharat Hussain (25 years) and Bannaras Hussain (19 years) were sentenced to a combined 79 years in prison for the systematic sexual exploitation of children in Rotherham. One of the girls became pregnant at 14 and was subjected to severe violence.
Doncaster-based taxi driver Riyasth Hussain (45) was sentenced at Sheffield Crown Court to 20 years in prison for three rapes in 2004–2008 in Rotherham. Victims: a 13–14-year-old girl in foster care (raped on an industrial estate and on a second occasion while drugged with alcohol) and a 20-year-old woman (raped in a bedsit while others were present). Judge Sarah Wright: 'The harm you have caused is incalculably vast.' Arrested as part of Operation Stovewood (the NCA's investigation into Rotherham 1997–2013). Hussain had previous convictions for robberies, weapons and drugs from the 2000s.
Reform UK MP Suella Braverman raised at Prime Minister's Questions the case of Rotherham victim 'Elizabeth': she was raped at 14 and is alleged to have been subsequently abused by South Yorkshire Police officers — one of whom is said still to be serving. The original rapist Asghar Bostan was convicted in 2018 (9 years) and returned to prison in 2024 for a licence breach. Elizabeth had complained via Operation Linden (the IOPC investigation into police conduct in Rotherham child sex crimes), but 'none of it was followed up'. Prime Minister Starmer: 'I am deeply concerned'.
Kessur Ajaib (44) was sentenced to 8.5 years and Mohammed Makhmood (43) to 7 years at Sheffield Crown Court for the rapes of an approximately 14-year-old girl, beginning in 1999 and lasting more than two years. Ajaib drugged the girl with alcohol and raped her in an alley; Makhmood lured the girl with a cigarette at a bus stop and raped her in a cemetery. Both were 18–20 years old at the time. A third perpetrator, Sageer Hussain (40), received an additional sentence in November 2025 (3 years) for the rape of another victim — he is already serving 19 years for the rape of an approximately 13-year-old. Long-running Operation Stovewood investigation.
Sageer Hussain (40), described as the 'ringleader' of a group of men who abused three girls in Rotherham 1999–2003, received on 11 November 2025 a three-year additional sentence for the rape of an approximately 13-year-old girl, which he committed himself at age 15 some 25 years ago. Hussain took the victim into an alley in central Rotherham and told her she would only be allowed to leave after sexual intercourse. Hussain is already serving a 19-year sentence for a 'violent rape campaign' in an earlier case. Judge Charles Thomas: 'The sad fact is that despite your young age, you were not the first man to use her in this area at that time.' The Operation Stovewood investigation identified the victim and made contact.
Sheffield-based Obaidullah Omari (46), aged 20 at the time of the offences, was convicted at Sheffield Crown Court on 3 September 2025 of the rape of two 13–14-year-old girls in Rotherham 2003–2004. Omari supplied the girls with alcohol and drugs. The first victim was repeatedly raped at Omari's Eastwood home and in his car. Convicted on 3 rape charges and 2 of indecency. Co-defendant Shafakit Hussain (46, from Rotherham) was acquitted. Omari is one of 48 convicted in Operation Stovewood. Prosecutor Matthew Bean: both victims were 'products of broken or failing families' and in care.
Taxi driver Adam Ali (43, originally Razwan Razaq), one of the first convicted in connection with the Rotherham scandal, received an additional 13-year sentence on 10 July 2024. He was serving an earlier 11-year sentence for separate sexual offences and was rearrested by the NCA a month after release — he was planning to flee to Pakistan. Three rape charges and three sexual assault charges relating to girls as young as 12–13, offence period 2002–2004. Operation Stovewood (the UK's largest of its kind): 1,100+ victims identified, 200+ arrests, 34 convictions, 50+ ongoing investigations.
Mohammed Imran Ali Akhtar (42), ringleader of the Rotherham grooming gang, received on 24 May 2024 at Sheffield Crown Court an additional 12-year sentence for the rapes of a 13–14-year-old girl in 2001–2003 (concurrent with his existing 23-year sentence from 2018). The victim came forward after the publicity of Akhtar's 2018 conviction. Akhtar took the girl into his car, gave her drugs and alcohol, and sexual activity occurred 4–5 times a week for about a year. In one instance Akhtar and another man pressured the girl and another 'clearly distressed and resisting' victim into sexual intercourse. Judge Sarah Wright: 'Her childhood and youth can never be restored.'
3. Rochdale
BBC reports the 9 May 2012 Liverpool Crown Court verdict: eight Pakistani-background men and one Afghan man (aged 24–59) were sentenced to 4–19 years' imprisonment for the systematic sexual exploitation of 13-year-old girls at takeaways in Rochdale's Heywood area. Judge Gerald Clifton: 'You treated the girls as if they were worthless and beneath respect — one factor in this was that they were not part of your community or religion.' The 59-year-old ringleader received 19 years (also 2 rapes, trafficking); local mosque religion teacher Abdul Rauf (43) asked a 15-year-old victim 'do you have any younger friends'; Adil Khan made a 13-year-old victim pregnant. The girl was given as a 'birthday gift' to be raped by takeaway worker Kabeer Hassan (9-year sentence).
At the 2012 Rochdale trial nine Pakistani-background Muslim men were convicted of the systematic sexual exploitation of teenage white girls via takeaway restaurants and taxis. The 2024 Operation Span review confirmed the failure of authorities to act on early warnings.
January 2024 public review of the original investigation into the Rochdale grooming gang. Commissioned by Andy Burnham, assisted by Maggie Oliver (former GMP officer and whistleblower).
A 2025 trial revealed how Rochdale–Manchester grooming gangs kept teenage girls as sex slaves for years. The girls were systematically passed between men, forced to take drugs and transported around northern England.
4. Telford
Telford Independent Inquiry 2022 report: at least 1,000 children sexually exploited since the 1980s. Core group of Pakistani- and Bangladeshi-background perpetrators in the Wellington area. Authorities failed because of ethnic pressures.
The Telford Independent Inquiry (2022) found 1,000+ victims since the 1980s. The inquiry linked at least three homicides to the grooming gang's activities: Lucy Lowe (16) and her mother were murdered by arson in 2000; Becky Watson died in unclear circumstances in 2002. The gang reused its victims, sharing them via taxis and takeaways.
5. Oxford
Oxford's Operation Bullfinch: 7 Pakistani- and East African-background Muslim men were convicted of organised sexual exploitation involving 6 underage girls. The perpetrators kept the girls as 'sex slaves' for years.
The Guardian reports on 14 May 2013 on the Operation Bullfinch verdict: seven men (Akhtar Dogar, Anjum Dogar, Mohammed Karrar, Bassam Karrar, Assad Hussain, Mohammed Hussain, Kamar Jamil) were convicted in Oxford of systematic child sexual exploitation. The victims were 11–15-year-old white girls who were kept sexually exploited for years.
BBC's extensive description of Operation Bullfinch's six main witness victims. Girl 1: recruited at 11, raped at 13 in gang rapes by men from Bradford, Leeds and Slough, raped up to 20 times in a session, threatened with burning her family alive. Girl 4: 'befriended' Mohammed Karrar at 11; Karrar 'branded' her as his own, made her pregnant at 12, performed a primitive abortion in Reading, rented her out at £500/man, tied her up and used a gag for 'torture sex', knocked her unconscious with a metal bar. Girl 3: transported around the country to 'clients', hospitalised after an overdose of crack cocaine given by Karrar. The girls were burned with lighters, threatened with beheading, infected with sexually transmitted diseases.
6. Newcastle and Bradford
Newcastle's Operation Sanctuary: 17 men and one woman were convicted of large-scale sexual exploitation. Perpetrators were mainly from Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Iran, Iraq and Turkey. Victims were vulnerable, white teenage girls.
In Bradford in 2019 nine Pakistani-background men were convicted of the abuse of one 14-year-old girl over about a year. This is one of many localities where a small ethnic community produced a large number of perpetrators.
7. Wales and Hull
A Welsh grooming victim (under the pseudonym Emily Vaughn) was first manipulated at 11 and exploited from 14. She was trafficked to Telford, Blackpool and within Wales, where she was raped almost daily — 'you're tortured, you're broken down, you're beaten'. Senedd speaker Elin Jones accused Conservative leader Darren Millar of 'over-description' when he raised Vaughn's story — the victim herself felt this 'downplayed' her experience. The Welsh government claimed there are no 'currently widespread grooming problems' in the area.
Mirror dokumentoi Hullin grooming-jengin uhriksi joutuneen teinin kokemukset – Hull on yksi uusimmista paikkakunnista, joissa grooming-toimintaa on paljastunut.
SVT's analysis of all court convictions over five years: 58% of those convicted of rape or attempted rape were born abroad. Of 843 convicts, 197 were from the Middle East or North Africa, 45 from Afghanistan. In cases with an unknown perpetrator, the foreign-background share was over 80%.
Study by Ardavan Khoshnood (associate professor, Lund): 63% of those convicted of rape in Sweden have an immigrant background. Foreign-born people who arrived in Sweden after age 15 are significantly overrepresented in convictions relative to the native population. The probability of conviction is inversely related to length of residence — shorter residence correlates with a higher conviction rate. Socioeconomic status was also included as a variable. The Telegraph reported on the same study in January 2025.
Official Berlin crime statistics: sexual offences grew dramatically and nearly 40% of rapists are non-German.
Spain's Gaceta reports on Sweden's rape conviction statistics: nearly two-thirds of those convicted are first- or second-generation immigrants.
New German statistics show the number of group rapists at a record level — immigrants are significantly overrepresented among perpetrators.
Official Danish crime statistics: non-Western immigrants commit one-third of rapes and violent crimes.
Ulkomaan kansalaiset tuomittiin 25 %:ssa naisten seksuaalirikoksista Britanniassa.
London data: about 40% of those charged with sexual assaults are foreign nationals.
Sex-offence convictions of foreign nationals arriving via the Channel crossing route grew significantly during 2021–2024.
Official UK government report on group-based child sexual exploitation — asylum seekers involved.
Cases
A 21-year-old Syrian man raped a 13-year-old girl in Tromsø in September 2024 and received just six months. The court cited his low IQ (estimated 41–75) and developmental level comparable to the victim as mitigating factors. Norway had removed the three-year minimum sentence for child rape.
Afsar Safi, 30, arrived by small boat in 2021 and sexually assaulted a seven-year-old girl at a government-funded hotel in West London. His asylum claim revealed Taliban links; it was rejected. He was sentenced to just two and a half years and could be released on licence within six months. He must register as a sex offender for seven years.
A 2025 trial revealed how Rochdale–Manchester grooming gangs kept teenage girls as sex slaves for years. The girls were systematically passed between men, forced to take drugs and transported around northern England.
Three asylum seekers were found guilty of the callous rape of a woman on a beach in southern England.
Two Afghan asylum seekers were sentenced in Britain for the abduction and rape of a teenage girl.
Swedish case in which several men were convicted of organised sexual assault in Skellefteå.
Muhammed (24, Syrian) and Khan (23, Afghan) were charged at the Sør-Rogaland District Court with an abduction-rape in July 2025: they systematically followed the victim from the city centre, forced her into a car and drove her behind a school where both raped her. They initially denied the acts but eventually confessed in court.
A 35-year-old Islamic religious teacher in Baden-Württemberg was convicted by Ellwangen regional court of sexually abusing eight boys aged 12–17 in 27 separate incidents. He was sentenced to 8.5 years in prison and banned from working with male minors for five years.
A 23-year-old Syrian man attempted to rape a 15-year-old girl in the toilet of an ICE high-speed train in Germany.
An Afghan man is accused of sexually abusing an 11-year-old girl in a school toilet in Germany.
A Bangladeshi migrant was charged with the rape of a 17-year-old Bangladeshi woman — a new mother — in Venice. The victim escaped and reported the matter to her husband, who contacted police. The case prompted comments from right-wing politicians about immigrant communities and the position of women.
ZDF reports on the alleged sexual assault of a 16-year-old at a Berlin-Neukölln youth centre. Authorities are accused of delaying reporting of the incident to avoid damaging the reputation of the Muslim-led centre.
On the night of 31 December 2015 to 1 January 2016, large groups of men sexually assaulted, robbed and in some cases raped women in several German cities — worst of all in Cologne, in the area between the central station and the cathedral. In Cologne alone about 1,200 criminal complaints were filed, roughly half concerning sexual offences (including rapes). Similar incidents were recorded in Hamburg, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf. Police and victims described the perpetrators as predominantly of Arab and North African appearance; according to the Federal Police, most identified suspects were recently arrived asylum seekers and migrants (notably from Algeria and Morocco). The events became a turning point in the German and wider European immigration debate after the 2015 migration wave and led, among other things, to a tightening of sexual-offence law (§177 StGB, 'no means no').
DW's review five years after the Cologne New Year's Eve 2015–2016 mass assaults: despite hundreds of criminal complaints, only a fraction of suspects were convicted, and few of those for sexual offences — most convictions were for theft. Identifying perpetrators in the large, chaotic crowd proved almost impossible. The article examines the lasting impact of the events on German security and immigration policy.
Violent crime
Homicide and knife-crime statistics across Europe show consistent overrepresentation of foreign nationals. In Germany, nearly one in two violent crime suspects is a foreigner. Stabbing attacks, vehicle rammings, and gang violence are disproportionately linked to recently arrived migrant groups.
BKA PKS 2025 suspect tables by nationality. Normalised to per 100,000 of each nationality (BKA + Destatis; nationalities with fewer than 5 cases excluded; analysis by @TheRealTom): Lebanon 97.5 – Algeria 89.6 – Tunisia 59.4 – Stateless 58.7 – Gambia 45.2 – Guinea 33.5 – Somalia 32.8 – Morocco 26.9 – Georgia 24.8 – Afghanistan 24.2 – Sweden 24.0 – Albania 21.9 – Moldova 21.3 – Syria 20.2 – Bosnia-Herzegovina 18.9 – Eritrea 18.6 – Colombia 18.3 – Iraq 17.4 – Lithuania 16.7 – Czech Republic 14.2 – Turkey 12.9 – Iran 11.8 – Vietnam 11.7 – Netherlands 11.3 – Romania 11.2 – Germany 2.2. Figures are suspects, not convictions.
In Mecklenburg-Vorpommern there are 1,497 open arrest warrants; 1,134 (75%) concern foreign nationals. For violent crimes, foreigners account for roughly 90% of wanted suspects (74 of 83). Top nationalities sought: Poles (364), Georgians (107), Romanians (75), Ukrainians (68), Tunisians (58). Foreign suspects can more easily evade justice by fleeing to their home countries or into parallel communities.
43.1% of violent-crime suspects in Germany in 2024 were foreign nationals, and roughly 40% of all suspects lacked German citizenship. Welt documents the gap between media portrayal (where foreign suspects appear in up to 94.6% of TV crime reports) and the actual statistical share.
Cases
A 22-year-old asylum seeker was arrested for the murder of 17-year-old Lisa in Amsterdam and was also linked to an earlier rape and sexual assault.
Somali-born Essa Suleiman was charged with attempted murder over the Golders Green attack in London in spring 2026.
Haybe Cabdiraxmaan Nur was jailed for life for a stabbing murder in Derby.
Deng Chol Majek syytetty puukotusmurhasta Walsallissa.
Safi Dawood was arrested as a suspect in a stabbing murder in Hillingdon, London.
A 24-year-old Libyan who had arrived by small boat was arrested over a knife attack in Eastbourne in which three people were injured.
A student was stabbed to death with an extremely large knife after a night out with his football team in Southampton.
16-year-old Liana was pushed in front of a train at a German railway station. The Iraqi perpetrator was sentenced to psychiatric detention.
Interview with a Ukrainian refugee mother whose daughter Liana (16) was pushed in front of a train in summer 2025 by an Iraqi man. The perpetrator was found not criminally responsible and ordered into state-funded psychiatric care; the mother expresses her complete disappointment, as the victim's family bears its own legal costs.
A 17-year-old Syrian was arrested on 12 March 2026 on suspicion of murdering a 19-year-old woman near the Gartenstadt district of Mannheim. A 60-officer special police unit arrested him the same evening; pre-trial detention was ordered.
A 19-year-old Afghan man attacked a 41-year-old woman with a knife at the Frankfurt Main riverbank on 10 June 2024, stabbing her multiple times in the head and neck while she sat on a park bench. He was arrested and charged with attempted murder and dangerous bodily harm.
A 36-year-old Syrian stabbed a 33-year-old in the neck after asking for a cigarette at a bus stop in Berlin-Neukölln — the victim was in critical condition. A few hours later the same suspect threatened a 32-year-old woman with a knife at another stop, demanding money.
A 25-year-old Afghan man stabbed a 46-year-old passenger in the neck with a folding knife on a Dortmund city tram on 11 February 2026, after the victim asked him to lower his voice during a phone call. The attacker fled at the next stop; the victim's injuries were not life-threatening.
A 45-year-old Moroccan man attacked three residents with an axe in Montefrío, Granada province: two elderly women were hospitalised in critical condition with skull injuries. The attacker shouted 'the call of Allah and all Christians must die'. An elderly man and another woman were also injured before the arrest.
A 22-year-old Afghan attacked a bus and police with a kitchen knife in Bergen auf Rügen on 5 June 2024 and vandalised EU election posters. Charges: criminal damage, assault on police officers and other offences.
A Syrian whose asylum application had been rejected was arrested after a knife attack in Germany.
Italy's Supreme Court of Cassation upheld on 17 January 2025 the life sentence of Innocent Oseghale (36), a Nigerian drug dealer whose asylum application had earlier been rejected. Oseghale murdered, raped and dismembered 18-year-old Roman woman Pamela Mastropietro in January 2018 near Macerata in the Marche region — her dismembered body was found packed into two suitcases. The court rejected the defence's appeal that sought to drop the rape charge. The case triggered a revenge attack in which far-right militant Luca Traini shot and wounded six African migrants in Macerata (Traini was sentenced to 12 years in 2021).
Salim El Koudri (31), a second-generation Italian of Moroccan origin born in Bergamo province and holding an economics degree, drove a car onto a pedestrian shopping street in central Modena in May 2026, killing at least eight people, then got out armed with a knife and injured at least one more. Bologna's counter-terrorism unit investigated but found no evidence of radicalisation or links to jihadist groups; El Koudri had reportedly been treated for psychiatric problems and investigators described him as exhibiting strong mental instability. He had no prior criminal record and is charged with murder and injury. (Included here as a violent-crime case, not terrorism — authorities did not establish a terrorist motive.)
Terrorism
A number of terrorism plots and attacks in Europe have been carried out by asylum seekers or those who arrived as refugees. Cases span the UK, Germany, and other EU countries and include ISIS supporters, al-Qaeda-linked planners, and Iranian state-directed plots.
Christmas markets in Europe have become a recurring target of terrorist attacks, especially vehicle-ramming. The perpetrators' backgrounds have been centrally linked to migration, though not uniform. In Berlin's Breitscheidplatz in 2016, 12 people were killed when Anis Amri — a Tunisian whose asylum claim had been rejected and who was ISIS-inspired — drove a truck into the market. In Strasbourg in 2018, five were killed when Chérif Chekatt, a French national of Algerian background already on a terror watchlist, opened fire at the Christmas market. An exception to this Islamist pattern is the Magdeburg attack of December 2024 (six dead, hundreds injured): the perpetrator was a Saudi doctor who arrived in Germany in 2006 and presented himself as an anti-Islam activist — not an Islamist. As a result, markets are now ringed with concrete blocks and anti-vehicle bollards, entrances have bag checks, and police presence has been increased. Security costs have risen sharply and weigh especially on smaller markets — some organizers have considered cancelling events over the expense.
Saksalaiset joulumarkkinat avautuivat tiukennetuin turvatoimin; kävijämäärät pysyivät, mutta betoniesteiden, aitojen ja vartioinnin kustannukset rasittavat järjestäjiä.
Magdeburgin 2024 iskun jälkeen Saksan joulumarkkinoiden turvakustannukset ovat nousseet voimakkaasti – betoniesteet, pääsyn rajaaminen ja vartiointi siirtävät kuluja järjestäjille ja myyjille.
Bonnissa ja muissa kaupungeissa turvakustannukset ovat nousseet niin, että osa pienistä markkinoista on talousahdingossa; esteet ja tarkastukset ovat muodostuneet pysyväksi osaksi tapahtumia.
Koonti Euroopan joulumarkkinoihin kohdistuneista kuolonuhreja vaatineista iskuista, mm. Berliinin Breitscheidplatz 2016 ja Magdeburg 2024.
Katsaus ajoneuvojen käyttöön iskuvälineenä: väkijoukkoon ajaminen on yleistynyt taktiikka, joka on johtanut ajonestopollarien ja betoniesteiden laajaan käyttöön julkisissa tapahtumissa ja kävelyalueilla.
Cases
Shah Rahman, part of an al-Qaeda-inspired cell that plotted attacks on the London Stock Exchange, the US Embassy, and Boris Johnson, was released on parole against the Justice Secretary's objections. He received a 12-year sentence, was first freed in 2017, and was recalled in 2022 for breaching conditions.
Hakan Barac was convicted of supporting ISIS as an Islamic extremist in Newport, Monmouthshire.
Mostafa Sepahvand, Farhad Javadi Manesh and Shapoor Qalehali Khani Noori were charged under the national security act on terrorism suspicions in Westminster.
An Iranian asylum seeker reconnoitred a bomb attack on the Israeli embassy from Rochdale — while living in a taxpayer-funded house.
A 17-year-old Syrian was arrested on suspicion of planning a terrorist attack in Hamburg, Germany.
Junge Freiheit investigates whether the young killer from Memmingen was Islamist-motivated, raising questions about the radicalisation of foreign-background criminals.
German authorities carried out a counter-terrorism raid in Bremerhaven after the New York Police Department passed on a tip about a potential terror threat.
A 22-year-old Syrian asylum seeker admitted in a Berlin court to planning terrorist attacks targeting Germans and Jews. He radicalised through Islamic State content on TikTok within roughly 15 months of arriving in Germany in 2023, and was constructing a suicide vest when arrested in November 2025. Sentencing was set for 5 June 2026.
Berlin's Kammergericht convicted four Hamas members to sentences of 4.5–6 years for maintaining weapons depots in Poland, Bulgaria, and Denmark intended for terrorist attacks. They were arrested in December 2023; the trial began in February 2025.
A person under terrorism investigation was arrested on the psychiatric ward of Hamburg's UKE University Hospital; fertiliser suitable for manufacturing explosives was found in the clinic room.
Domestic violence — perpetrator background
Domestic violence cannot be explained by one background variable, but the background data does not support an evenly distributed pattern. Police data reported by MTV put foreign-background suspects at nearly half (45–50%) in Espoo, and Statistics Finland's 2024 victim data show a foreign-background victim share clearly above population share.
Police expressed concern over the rising share of foreign-background domestic violence suspects. In Espoo about 45–50% of domestic violence suspects were of foreign background — while foreign-background residents make up about 22% of Espoo's population.
In 2024 about 13,000 domestic violence offences were recorded; 76% of suspects were men. In cases where the victim was foreign-background, the suspect was also foreign-background in 72.1% of cases (compare: when the victim was Finnish-background the suspect was Finnish-background in 88.8%). Share of foreign-background victims: 19% (2023) and 18% (2024) — clearly above their population share (10%).
Foreign prisoners
The number of foreign prisoners has grown 75% over the past ten years. In 2025, the daily average was 839 foreign-national inmates — 23.6% of all prisoners. Citizenship is not the same metric as foreign background, but nearly one in four prisoners is still a foreign national.
Finland
Criminal Sanctions Agency statistics 2025: 839 foreign prisoners per day (23.6% of the prison population), 78 nationalities. Growth +22% on the previous year. Largest groups: Estonia (112), Iraq (65), Sweden (64), Albania (44), Lithuania (43), Romania (42), Somalia (29). Narcotics offences 49.1% and sexual offences 20.6% as the principal offence.
Vantaa prison sees 60 nationalities a year; about 50% of remand prisoners are foreign. National trend: about 20 foreign prisoners in 1990 → 839 in 2025. 75% growth in ten years.
Foreign-background residents are about 10% of Finland's population but 23.6% of the prison population. The overrepresentation is 2.5–3×. The number of foreign prisoners rose +22% in a year and +75% in ten years.
Abroad
About 10,487 foreign nationals are held among 87,342 total UK prisoners, costing roughly £629 million a year. One foreign prisoner costs ~£109/day versus £32/day under the Albania returns deal. Over 8,700 foreign offenders were removed since July 2024, a 32% increase.
Military service evasion
Foreign-language men avoid military service at significantly higher rates than Finnish-language men. The pattern raises questions about integration and the equal distribution of civic obligations.
Ilta-Sanomat article on the avoidance of military service among foreign-language men in Finland. Foreign-language men miss call-ups or seek exemption more often than Finnish-speakers.
Sotilasaikakauslehti article examines the situation of foreign-language conscripts, call-up participation and integration challenges from the perspective of the Defence Forces.
Iltalehti political news report on the avoidance of military service among foreign-language men — the topic has entered political debate.
According to Captain Lauri J. Mattila, 75% of Somali-speaking and 57% of Arabic-speaking conscripts failed to attend call-ups in the Uusimaa region, and 70% of these groups received exemptions on health grounds. The Defence Forces deny breaking down conscripts by mother tongue. The Conscripts' Union considers the underrepresentation worrying for both national defence capability and fairness.
Demographic change
Demographic change is sometimes labelled a conspiracy theory. Regardless of the label, population statistics show substantial demographic change.
Three YLE articles in which demographic change is treated as a conspiracy theory — even though demographic science shows the native population's relative share declining systematically due to immigration and fertility differences.
Yle frames the concept of demographic change as a conspiracy theory and explains the term after Riikka Purra's speech.
Yle reports on Teemu Keskisarja's A-studio appearance, where he described demographic change as real and used language interpreted as discriminatory.
Supo changed its earlier definition linking demographic change with terrorism, raising questions about political steering.
Luton is often cited as an example of a town where the native population became a minority. The white share fell from 80% in 1991 to 45% in 2021.
ONS visualization of Luton's demographic change from 1991 to 2021: the white British share fell from about 80% to below 45%.
Wikipedia summary of Luton's rapid demographic diversification, including white British residents becoming a minority by 2021.
Luton is the most dangerous town in Bedfordshire. Crime is 27% higher than the regional and 3.5% higher than the England/Wales average. Weapon possession 1.54×, vehicle crime 1.52× and drugs 1.38× the national average.
The BBC analyses Luton's repeated terrorist connections: 7/7 bombers had links to the town, the perpetrator of the Stockholm 2010 suicide bombing lived in Luton, an al-Qaeda facilitator lived with his family in Luton. Radical preachers like Abu Hamza were invited to speak at the local mosque.
NBC News after the 2017 Westminster attack: Luton has 200,000 residents, 50,000 of them Muslim. The Westminster attacker Khalid Masood lived in Luton 2010–2011. Anjem Choudary recruited for Al-Muhajiroun for about 20 years. Entire families left for ISIS in Syria. The 7/7 bombers, the 2010 Stockholm attacker and numerous other British terrorists have ties to Luton.
Nicholas Prosper, 19, was sentenced on 19 March 2025 to life in prison in Luton: he killed his mother, brother and sister at home on 13 September 2024 and then set out with a loaded shotgun to carry out a mass shooting at his former primary school — arrested on a nearby street before the attack. Prosper had planned the attack for a year and extensively researched mass shootings and extreme violence online.
Finland
Statistics Finland population projection 2021 (medium scenario): the foreign-language population share is projected to grow from its current ~11–12% to approximately 18–20% by 2040. Since actual net migration in 2022–2025 significantly exceeded the medium-scenario assumptions, the real share may be higher.
In 2025 a record 14,168 foreigners were granted Finnish citizenship — an all-time high, +23% on the previous year. The largest group was Iraqis (14% of the total). Naturalisation was tightened at the same time: the required residence period was extended from 5 to 8 years.
Abroad
The Dutch statistics agency CBS's interactive population dashboard by origin — shows the share of immigrant-background residents by region and the change over time. Illustrates the scale of demographic change in the Netherlands based on official data.
Independent statistics site tracking Finland's population change. It functions independently and is not a link to the main site.
Helsingin Sanomat: the absolute number of people with Finnish background has started to decline while the foreign-language share of the population is growing.
There were 660,800 people with foreign background at the end of 2025, or 11.7% of the population. According to calculations by Professor Matti Viren, the current growth rate would produce 11.8 million by 2060, more than the estimated 4.5 million with Finnish background.
More than 55% of residents in the Havukoski district are foreign-language speakers, an example of rapid demographic change in the Helsinki region.
The Nordic Centre for Spatial Development's map of the foreign-born population share across Nordic countries at municipal and regional level, 2022. Shows the geographic concentration of immigration and regional variation in demographic change.
Germany recorded roughly 654,300 births in 2025 — down 3.4% from 2024, a fourth consecutive annual decline, and the lowest figure since 1946. Deaths totalled around one million, leaving a deficit of approximately 352,000. Eastern German states saw steeper falls (−4.5%). The government proposes increased immigration as a remedy.
People smuggling and boat arrivals
Illegal migration into Europe is organised through smuggling routes run by criminal networks. UNHCR tracks maritime arrivals officially — the Mediterranean and the English Channel are key routes. Smuggling networks use violence against both migrants and local residents.
UNHCR's official tracking portal for maritime arrivals in Europe since 2016. Includes arrival counts by route, deaths and disappearances, and statistics per receiving country.
The NCA arrested nine HGV drivers in Kent between July and October 2025 for people smuggling. Organized crime groups pay drivers thousands of pounds per trip; sentences range from three to fourteen years.
Two drivers working for an Irish haulage company were violently assaulted in France, with migrants suspected in the attack.
The Guardian collected lorry drivers' experiences from Calais: attacks, threats, and theft by migrants were reported as regular problems.
France 24 reports that gangs on the Calais smuggling routes fight violently over territory, with organized criminal networks using weapons and resources.
Ahmed Ebid organised human trafficking operations from a flat in Hounslow, west London, and was jailed.
Moroccan smugglers are teaching Sub-Saharan migrants to fly powered paragliders into Spain via Ceuta — a new aerial route alongside the traditional land and sea routes. The case illustrates the rapid tactical evolution of smuggling networks.
A comprehensive Wikipedia list of vehicle incidents connected to illegal immigration in Europe: police chases at borders, ramming of checkpoints, vehicle attacks carried out by migrants, and road fatalities linked to smuggling runs. Covers incidents across multiple EU countries.
Other non-Christian religions in Finland
Statistics Finland's register does not measure belief, practice, or ethnic background; it measures membership in registered religious communities. For many smaller religions the figures are therefore a floor, not the full picture. The register still shows that Finland has Buddhist, Hindu, Jewish, Bahá'í, and small neo-pagan or indigenous-religion communities.
Finland
- At the end of 2025, Statistics Finland counted 1,845 registered members of Buddhist communities, 1,072 of Hindu communities, 1,013 of Jewish communities, 620 of Bahá'í communities, and 65 of indigenous-religion or neo-pagan communities.
- The same table listed 2,030,491 people who were not members of any religious community.
- This is a membership count, not an estimate of believers or practising adherents. Unregistered communities, informal practice, and cultural background are outside its scope.
- Statistics Finland's 'other religious groups' category is not a single non-Christian block: in 2025 it contained Bahá'í communities, Jehovah's Witnesses, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Christian Community of Finland, the Liberal Catholic Church, and others.
- The map layer is a location dataset, not a population statistic. It shows what had been tagged in OpenStreetMap, not how many people belong to the communities.
- The current OSM snapshot contains 17 non-Christian, non-Muslim, and non-multifaith places of worship in Finland: 6 tagged Buddhist, 3 Jewish, 2 Hindu, 2 pagan, and one each tagged Scientologist, Shamanic, Sikh, and Spiritualist.
- OpenStreetMap is maintained by volunteers, so missing venues, outdated names, and imprecise tags are possible.
Muslim population growth
Pew Research Centre's country table estimated Finland's Muslim share at 2.7% in 2016. Its 2050 scenarios are 4.2% with no new migration, 11.4% in the medium scenario and 15.0% in the high-migration scenario. Current estimates vary, but the claim that the share remains permanently tiny does not survive Pew's model.
Finland
- Registered members of Islamic communities: approximately 20,876 (0.37% of the population).
- Estimated actual Muslim population: 120,000–130,000 — many times the registered figure.
- Largest Muslim communities: Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Turku, Tampere.
- Muslims are the fastest-growing religious group in Finland.
International
- Pew estimated Europe's Muslim population at 25.8 million in 2016, or 4.9% of the population.
- Even with no further migration, the Muslim share would rise to 7.4% by 2050 because of age structure and fertility.
- In the medium scenario the share would be 11.2%, and in the high-migration scenario it would be 14.0% in 2050.
- Among migrants who arrived in Europe between 2010 and 2016, an estimated 53% were Muslim; among those granted or expected to be granted refugee status, 78% were Muslim.
- The median age of Muslims was 30.4 years versus 43.8 for non-Muslims; the total fertility rate was 2.6 children for Muslim women and 1.6 for non-Muslim women.
- Finland scenario: Pew estimated the Muslim share at 2.7% in 2016; for 2050 the zero-migration scenario is 4.2%, the medium scenario 11.4% and the high scenario 15.0%.
Residential segregation
The share of the foreign-background population is 19–25% in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. At neighbourhood level the gap is sharper: eastern and north-eastern Helsinki concentrates significantly more of the foreign-background population. Segregation is increasing.
Vantaa: 25% of residents are foreign-background — the highest in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. Espoo: 22%. Helsinki: about 19–20% (over 134,000 people). Across Finland, foreign-background residents are about 9–10% of the population.
Peer-reviewed study: ethnic and socioeconomic segregation has grown in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area during the 2000s. Children's segregation is stronger than that of their parents. Helsinki has sought to prevent slum formation by mixing housing stock, but the trend in segregation is nonetheless upward.
Public opinion on immigration
Finnish attitudes toward immigration are divided: a majority wants stricter immigration policy and believes public debate avoids discussing the problems — while labour-based immigration is broadly supported. The surveys below are the most comprehensive published.
Finland
- Although Finland's Muslim population is growing, Finnish attitudes toward Muslims have remained essentially unchanged — researcher Hanna Salomäki: 'no habituation to Islam has occurred'.
- Only about 25% held an at-least-fairly-positive view of Muslim women's hijab; fewer than one in ten (under 10%) viewed the burqa positively.
- Nearly 60% felt that everyone should be free to wear religious symbols.
- More than a third (over 33%) viewed mosques fully or fairly negatively — the same share in 2015 and 2022.
- Among under-30s, about one in three (33%) viewed mosques positively.
- 51% consider that Finland accepts too many refugees.
- 50% support tightening immigration policy.
- 60% feel that public debate does not dare to discuss the problems of immigration.
- 81% want Finland to actively recruit educated foreign professionals.
- 55% would support making it easier for foreigners to move to Finland — the highest figure in the 25-year measurement history.
- 40% assess that immigration harms Finland's economy.
- A majority of Finns (57%) favour tighter immigration restrictions.
- 30% consider the current level of immigration appropriate.
- Only 8% would like to see more immigration.
- Attitudes have hardened notably compared with surveys from the early 2010s.
Humanitarian illusion
The asylum system is presented as the pinnacle of humanitarian responsibility — a way to save lives and offer protection to the persecuted. Most applicants, however, do not meet the criteria for international protection, the system does not reach the world's poorest, and brain drain leaves source countries worse off than before.
Most asylum seekers do not need protection
The EU asylum system rejects the majority of applications at first instance. In 2025, the first-instance recognition rate was 39% — and in final decisions after appeal, it fell to 21%. Nearly four in five applicants are therefore found by the system's own criteria to have no protection need. Recognition rates vary sharply by nationality: Syrians and Eritreans are recognised at high rates, while applicants from many West African, North African, and South Asian countries fall below 10–20%. Applicants also move within the EU towards the countries with the best benefits or highest approval odds — so-called asylum shopping that burdens the Dublin system and places a disproportionate load on southern border states.
About 39% of EU first-instance asylum decisions are positive — in final decisions after appeal the share falls to around 21%. More than half of applicants are therefore found by the system's own criteria to have no protection need. Recognition rates vary sharply by nationality: Syrians and Afghans are recognised at high rates, while applicants from many African and Asian countries fall below 10%.
EU member states granted protection status to around 361,000 applicants in 2025 (an 18% fall from the previous year). The first-instance recognition rate was 39.1% — meaning more than 60% of applicants were rejected at first stage. In final decisions after appeal, the recognition rate fell to 20.9%. A large share of those rejected file appeals, clogging the system for years.
Eurostat's official statistics on EU asylum decisions. Recognition rates vary sharply by nationality: Syrians (~90%) and Afghans (~70%) are recognised at high rates, whereas applicants from many West African, North African, and South Asian countries fall below 10–20%. There are also significant differences between member states — the same nationality can receive very different outcomes in different EU countries.
Comprehensive academic analysis of European asylum decisions 2003–2017. The average overall recognition rate was ~30% — but formal refugee status under the Geneva Convention was granted to only ~15%. Outside the crisis years 2015–16, more than half of applications were rejected at first instance. Recognition rates vary sharply: high for conflict countries (Syria, Eritrea), below 10% or even below 5% for many African and Asian countries. Hatton notes that many applicants do not meet the strict persecution criteria — findings suggesting a significant share of applications are economically motivated.
MPI's interactive data visualisation of asylum recognition rates in EU and EFTA countries 2008–2017. Shows how sharply approval rates vary both by country and by nationality: the same applicant can receive a completely different decision in different EU countries. This inconsistency suggests decisions are not based solely on the applicant's objective protection need but also on the receiving country's political and administrative practices.
A significant share of asylum seekers move within the EU from the first country of arrival to apply in a country with better benefits or a higher recognition rate. This so-called asylum shopping burdens the Dublin system, places a disproportionate load on southern border states, and undermines solidarity among member states.
Politico analysis of EU efforts to stop so-called asylum shopping — the phenomenon in which asylum seekers move from country to country to apply where benefits are highest or approval odds are greatest. The Dublin Regulation requires claims to be processed in the first country of arrival, but in practice the system does not work: applicants continue their journeys and lodge applications in multiple countries, placing an excessive burden on Mediterranean border states.
Legal analysis of the EU Dublin system. Secondary movements — applicants relocating from the first country of arrival to other member states — are a direct consequence of the Dublin Regulation's failure to build genuine burden-sharing solidarity. Countries with better benefits or higher recognition rates attract more applicants. The problem is structural and cannot be solved by enforcement alone.
In 2016, 181,436 people arrived in Italy by sea (Italian Ministry of Interior statistics). Only 4,808 received formal refugee status under the Geneva Convention — just 2.65% of all arrivals. Of the 123,600 who applied for asylum, 60% (54,254) were rejected. About 57,800 did not apply for asylum in Italy at all but continued to other EU countries. The 2.65% figure uses a strict calculation: it compares Geneva-Convention refugee status with all arrivals, not only applicants. Broader measures that include subsidiary and humanitarian protection produce higher rates — but even then the majority of applications were rejected.
The Italian Ministry of Interior's official immigration statistics portal: the daily cruscotto statistico contains data on sea arrivals, asylum applications, and decisions. This is the primary source cited by Il Sole 24 Ore (April 2017) in reporting that only 2.65% of 2016 arrivals received formal refugee status.
Fact-check of Italian Ministry of Interior (Viminale) statistics. The article works through different calculation methods: strict refugee status vs. all forms of protection, applicants vs. all arrivals. In 2014, about 38% of all sea arrivals applied for asylum in Italy; of those applicants, about 10% received refugee status and about 50% received some form of protection. At the same time, about 62% of applications were rejected. Open Migration criticises the narrow 2.65% figure — yet it confirms the same underlying data.
Genuine refugee flows — such as those registered in UNHCR camps — typically have a broadly balanced gender and age profile of families, women, and children. By contrast, those crossing the Mediterranean to Europe show a clear male majority. According to UNHCR statistics, 58% of those who arrived across the Mediterranean in 2015 were adult men, 17% were women, and 25% were children. Frontex's Annual Risk Analysis reported the figure as high as 74% adult men in 2014. The skewed profile is one key indicator that a large share of the movement is economically motivated rather than purely humanitarian.
UNHCR's official tracking portal for maritime arrivals in Europe since 2016. Includes arrival counts by route, deaths and disappearances, and statistics per receiving country.
The EU border agency Frontex's annual risk analysis. Reports that in 2014 about 74% of those crossing the Mediterranean were adult men, 11% women, and 15% children. During the 2015 crisis peak the composition shifted as the Syrian civil war brought more families, but adult men remained the majority afterwards. Frontex emphasises that mixed flows contain both people genuinely needing international protection and economic migrants.
Eurostat's official database of asylum applicants by age and sex (migr_asyappctza). In December 2025, men aged 18–34 accounted for 38% of all first-time applicants — by far the largest single age-sex group. Historically, the male share was substantially higher during the 2015–16 crisis. The database enables comparison by country and year.
Immigration doesn't help poor countries
Humanitarian immigration does not reach the world's poorest — and structurally cannot. Reaching Europe requires thousands of euros and smugglers; those in extreme poverty cannot afford it. Arrivals are typically from the middle class of their home countries, not the most vulnerable. EU receives around one million applicants per year, but there are 700 million people in extreme poverty — the vast majority of whom cannot even apply for asylum. Those who leave developing countries tend to be the most educated and motivated, meaning immigration drains human capital from the countries that need it most.
The number of asylum applications received by the EU (~1 million/year) is less than 0.15% of the world's 700 million people living in extreme poverty. Globally there are 123 million forcibly displaced people — European asylum channels reach only a fraction of them.
Around 700 million people live in extreme poverty worldwide (below $2.15/day in 2017 PPP). The EU receives about one million asylum applicants per year — less than 0.15% of those in extreme poverty. Immigration cannot mathematically solve world poverty.
Comprehensive overview of global poverty figures by region. Poverty is highly concentrated: the vast majority of those in extreme poverty live in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia — regions from which asylum migration to Europe is proportionately low.
About 997,000 asylum applications were filed in the EU in 2024 (first-time ~912,000). Relative to the world's 700 million in extreme poverty or 123 million forcibly displaced, the European asylum system reaches only a fraction of global need.
At the end of 2024 there were 123.2 million forcibly displaced people worldwide (refugees, asylum seekers, internally displaced). The vast majority stay in nearby regions or their own country. Only hundreds of thousands reach Europe each year — the Western asylum system covers barely 1% of global forced displacement.
The EU Asylum Agency's annual report: the EU receives around one million asylum applicants per year — a negligibly small share of the world's 123 million forcibly displaced. The system is designed to handle the margin, not to solve global poverty or displacement.
Africa loses ~20,000 professionals per year to emigration. 36 of the 57 countries with a critical health-workforce shortage identified by the WHO are in Africa. Africa carries 24% of the global disease burden but has only 3% of the world's health workers. Training a doctor costs $20,000–$60,000 — an investment whose benefit is captured by the receiving country.
WHO report: Africa loses ~20,000 professionals per year to emigration. 36 of the 57 countries with a critical health-workforce shortage identified by the WHO are in Africa. Africa carries 24% of the global disease burden but has only 3% of the world's health workers. Training a doctor costs $20,000–$60,000 — an investment whose benefit transfers to the receiving country.
Peer-reviewed Lancet article on the scale and effects of health-worker brain drain. Nigeria's doctor-to-population ratio is only ~3.9 per 10,000 (WHO minimum recommendation: 10 per 10,000). Billions in training investment are lost annually as doctors and nurses are systematically recruited to Europe and the USA.
Stanford summary of the scale and consequences of brain drain: developing countries invest heavily in training healthcare workers who are then recruited to rich countries. Receiving countries save hundreds of millions in training costs while sending countries suffer critical skills shortages.
Analysis of Africa's health-worker losses: a colonial-era pattern continues as educated Africans are systematically recruited to Europe and North America. This worsens already critical resource shortages where the need is greatest.
BMJ article: Nigeria has lost thousands of doctors to emigration — the UK is the largest destination. Nigeria's health sector faces a critical staffing shortage while Europe benefits from its trained workforce. Billions in training investment are lost annually.
Classic study quantifying the scale of brain drain: in many small low-income countries, over 30–50% of university-educated nationals live in OECD countries. A dramatic loss of human capital — developing countries finance training that benefits primarily the receiving rich countries.
Safety at asylum reception centres
Finnish Immigration Service data from 2018 documents violence against reception centre staff and between residents. Up-to-date aggregate statistics are not published openly.
Finland
According to Finnish Immigration Service data, in early 2018 reception centres recorded 10–15 reports per month of violence or threats against staff, and 20–60 reports per month of violence between residents (including self-harm). The figures covered both verbal threats and physical assaults.
Abroad
German Federal Interior Ministry report on crime during the migration crisis. Covers internal security problems at reception centres, violence between residents, and violence against staff. Prepared to assess the consequences of the 2015–16 surge in asylum seekers.
Study of how violence protection is implemented in German refugee accommodation. Identifies structural deficiencies: lack of privacy, overcrowding, insufficient supervision and weak violence prevention especially for vulnerable groups (women, children, LGBTQ+). Violence in accommodation is a common but underreported problem.
European Parliament study on safety at reception centres, from the perspective of women and children. Documents sexual harassment and violence in EU reception centres across several member states. Recommends gender-separated accommodation, adequate lighting, and clear reporting channels.
Austria country report of the international GBV Migration research project. Maps the occurrence of gender-based violence in migrant accommodation: sexual harassment, physical violence and psychological pressure are common. The report highlights the risks of crowded shared accommodation and the high reporting threshold.